Table 1.
Sociodemographic and clinical data.
| HC (N = 21) | TRD (N = 26) | p- value (HC vs. TRD) | Non-responders (N = 8) | Responders (N = 18) | p- value (Responders vs. non-responders) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 39.2 ± 10.5 | 41.4 ± 12.2 | 0.49d | 35.5 ± 10.7 | 44.1 ± 12.2 | 0.10c |
| Sex (M/F) | 11/10 | 12/14 | 0.67e | 3/5 | 9/9 | 0.56e |
| BMI | 26.0 ± 4.8 | 26.7 ± 5.5 | 0.61d | 25.1 ± 4.2 | 27.4 ± 6.0 | 0.34c |
| Ethnicity | 0.01e | 0.62e | ||||
| Caucasian | 9 (43%) | 21 (81%) | 6 (75%) | 15 (83%) | ||
| African-American | 7 (33%) | 1 (4%) | 0 | 1 (6%) | ||
| Other | 5 (24%) | 4 (15%) | 2 (25%) | 2 (11%) | ||
| Age of illness onset | 16.7 ± 11.0 | 16.5 ± 7.2 | 16.9 ± 12.6 | 0.61d | ||
| Recurrent illness (Y/N) | 17/9 | 6/2 | 11/7 | 0.49e | ||
| Chronic episode (Y/N)a | 17/9 | 6/2 | 11/7 | 0.49e | ||
| Psychiatric hospitalizations (Y/N) | 9/17 | 3/5 | 6/12 | 0.84e | ||
| Suicide attempts (Y/N) | 5/21 | 0/8 | 5/13 | 0.39e | ||
| Number of failed ADT | 4.9 ± 2.5 | 5.9 ± 2.6 | 4.4 ± 2.4 | 0.18c | ||
| Psychiatric comorbidities (Y/N)b | 9/17 | 2/6 | 7/11 | 0.49e | ||
| MADRS (baseline) | 31.3 ± 5.7 | 30.6 ± 7.7 | 31.6 ± 4.8 | 0.71c |
Significant p-values of <0.05 are indicated in bold.
ADT antidepressant treatment (lifetime), BMI body mass index, MADRS Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale, TRD treatment-resistant depression.
aChronic episode was defined as >2 years.
bIncluding any comorbidities identified with the Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders–Fourth and Fifth Edition (SCID). Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation.
Statistics: cStudent’s t-test.
dMann–Whitney U test.
eChi-square test.