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. 2022 Jan 10;13(1):31. doi: 10.1038/s41419-021-04480-3

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© The Author(s) 2021

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Fig. 5 — A mRNA and B protein expression levels of NLRP3 inflammasome pathway were reduced in TGF-β1-treated RTECs with transfection of Ppargc1a plasmid, whereas increased by siPGC-1α. C Concentrations of IL-1β and IL-18 assessed by ELISA were reduced in TGF-β1-treated RTECs with overexpression of Ppargc1a. D mRNA and E protein expression levels of the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway were attenuated in TGF-β1-treated RTECs with metformin. F mRNA and G protein expression levels of the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway and H concentrations of IL-1β and IL-18 assessed by ELISA were attenuated in adenine-fed mice with metformin. Note: *P < 0.05 vs. control; **P < 0.05 vs. TGF-β1-treated RTECs or adenine-fed mice. PGC-1α peroxisomal proliferator-γ coactivator-1α; NLRP3 NOD-like receptor family, pyrin domain-containing 3; ASC apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain; RTEC renal tubular epithelial cell; ELISA enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; Ade adenine; Met metformin.