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. 2022 Jan 10;13:52. doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-27692-9

Fig. 6. Inflammatory IL-1β cytokine release from macrophages can be controlled by altering the balance of the calcium-phosphoinositide circuit.

Fig. 6

IL-1β release was dampened by wortmannin but enhanced by U73122. This is shown for both a short-term LPS stimulation and b LPS-primed inflammasome activation via nigericin. Alternatively, diacylglycerol (DAG)-rich liposomes were used to dampen IL-1β, also performed in c short-term LPS stimulation and d LPS-primed inflammasome activation via nigericin. Each dataset was obtained from ELISA measurements over a number of technical replicates (tr) of bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM) from separate mice (n). For (a) n = 3, tr = 8; for (b) n = 5, tr = 8; for (c) n = 3, tr = 8; and for (d) n = 4, tr = 8. For panels (a) to (d), statistical significance was reported from Brown–Forsythe and Welch ANOVA with multiple comparisons; “ref” represents the reference; in all instances ****p < 0.0001; ns not significant. In (a), **p = 0.0011; in (b), ***p = 0.0003. e Summary scheme of the proposed calcium-driven self-regulation of GSDMD pore dynamics.