Figure 3.

Changes in the muscle thickness (MT), muscle cross-sectional area (MCSA), lumen cross-sectional area (LCSA), and impedance values after pneumatic dilatation (PD) in type I (A), type II (B), and type III achalasia (C). As with the peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) group, the MT, baseline/contraction MCSA, and baseline impedance significantly increased in type I achalasia, and the LCSA significantly decreased in type I and II achalasia. The baseline LCSA and impedance significantly increased and decreased, respectively, in type III achalasia. However, the MT, MCSA, distension/contraction LCSA, and nadir impedance did not change significantly in type III achalasia.