Table 2.
Baseline Clinical, Manometric, and Intraluminal Ultrasound Parameters of Healthy Controls and Achalasia Patients
| Parameters | Healthy control (n = 8) | Type I (n = 12) | Type II (n = 17) | Type III (n = 18) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex (male/female) | 3/5 | 6/6 | 8/9 | 8/10 | 0.889 |
| Age (yr) | 45.13 ± 10.56 | 46.17 ± 17.92 | 47.12 ± 15.39 | 55.56 ± 12.83 | 0.195 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 23.66 ± 1.88 | 20.12 ± 1.82 | 20.56 ± 2.02 | 24.50 ± 4.04 | < 0.001 |
| Eckardt score | 6.83 ± 1.19 | 7.00 ± 1.54 | 6.78 ± 1.48 | 0.896 | |
| Followup period (month) | 24.50 ± 8.99 | 19.59 ± 7.66 | 23.50 ± 8.79 | 0.242 | |
| IRP (mmHg) | 32.15 ± 13.97 | 30.28 ± 13.05 | 37.30 ± 13.82 | 0.299 | |
| Basal LES pressure (mmHg) | 39.27 ± 11.10 | 38.84 ± 10.16 | 51.49 ± 10.97 | 0.002 | |
| Complete bolus transport (n/total swallows [%]) | 0/53 (0) | 0/82 (0) | 80/83 (96.39) | < 0.001 | |
| Sequential bolus transport (n/total swallows [%]) | 0/53 (0) | 0/82 (0) | 61/83 (73.49) | < 0.001 | |
| Muscle thickness (mm) | |||||
| Baseline | 1.75 ± 0.22 | 1.49 ± 0.33 | 2.08 ± 0.31 | 4.62 ± 1.21 | < 0.001 |
| Distension | 1.45 ± 0.11 | 1.37 ± 0.21 | 2.42 ± 0.53 | 4.08 ± 1.35 | < 0.001 |
| Contraction | 2.38 ± 0.41 | 1.51 ± 0.32 | 2.77 ± 0.63 | 4.77 ± 1.20 | < 0.001 |
| Muscle CSA (mm2) | |||||
| Baseline | 124.37 ± 14.51 | 113.84 ± 4.00 | 230.95 ± 54.99 | 249.28 ± 115.48 | < 0.001 |
| Distension | 153.07 ± 10.10 | 139.63 ± 10.92 | 342.87 ± 70.73 | 369.19 ± 184.53 | < 0.001 |
| Contraction | 85.52 ± 8.04 | 118.18 ± 17.81 | 226.66 ± 79.96 | 282.41 ± 109.63 | < 0.001 |
| Lumen CSA (mm2) | |||||
| Baseline | 75.93 ± 7.30 | 625.86 ± 145.97 | 597.31 ± 129.40 | 59.93 ± 1.99 | < 0.001 |
| Distension | 321.00 ± 47.97 | 700.37 ± 106.27 | 683.90 ± 109.51 | 147.38 ± 6.12 | < 0.001 |
| Contraction | 48.89 ± 5.77 | 620.03 ± 77.91 | 428.26 ± 95.52 | 51.05 ± 5.51 | < 0.001 |
| Contractility index | 0.84 ± 0.32 | 0.091 ± 0.063 | 0.43 ± 0.10 | 0.65 ± 0.33 | < 0.001 |
| Distensibility index | 4.24 ± 0.62 | 1.14 ± 0.11 | 1.16 ± 0.15 | 2.17 ± 0.68 | < 0.001 |
| Baseline impedance (Ω) | 921.75 ± 118.82 | 168.68 ± 33.14 | 211.07 ± 88.10 | 1747.19 ± 461.58 | < 0.001 |
| Nadir impedance (Ω) | 180.50 ± 47.18 | 573.78 ± 196.84 | < 0.001 | ||
| Swallow-to-distension interval (sec) | 1.39 ± 0.14 | 2.25 ± 0.35 | < 0.001 | ||
| Distension duration (sec) | 6.24 ± 0.53 | 3.25 ± 0.67 | < 0.001 | ||
BMI, body mass index; IRP, integrated relaxation pressure; LES, lower esophageal sphincter; CSA, cross-sectional area.
Data are expressed as n/n or mean ± SD.