Table 3.
Demographic and clinical characteristics according to the presence or absence of visual aura in migraine and probable migraine.
| Migraine with visual aura, N = 50 | Migraine without visual aura, N = 120 | P value | PM with visual aura, N = 82 | PM without visual aura, N = 255 | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 40.5 (33.8–47.5) | 40.0 (31.3–45.8) | 0.487 | 43.5 (33.0–50.0) | 40.0 (30.0–49.0) | 0.113 |
| Women | 32 (64.0) | 97 (80.8) | 0.019 | 46 (56.1) | 161 (63.1) | 0.255 |
| HA duration in hours | 12.0 (6.4–40.0) | 20.0 (6.0–48.0) | 0.456 | 0.1 (0.1–0.2) | 0.1 (0.1–0.2) | 0.092 |
| Frequency | 4.0 (2.0–10.0) | 2.0 (1.0–4.8) | 0.320 | 2.0 (2.0–8.0) | 2.0 (0.6–4.0) | 0.006 |
| HA days per month | 4.0 (2.0–10.0) | 3.0 (2.0–5.0) | 0.044 | 3.0 (2.0– 5.0) | 2.0 (1.0–4.0) | 0.007 |
| Severe HA days per month | 2.50 (1.0–5.0) | 2.00 (1.0–3.0) | 0.060 | 2.0 (1.0–3.0) | 1.0 (1.0–2.0) | 0.004 |
| HA days with medication | 3.00 (1.0–5.3) | 2.00 (1.0–5.0) | 0.051 | 2.0 (1.0–5.0) | 1.0 (0.0–2.0) | < 0.001 |
| Severe HA intensity | 21 (42.0) | 58 (48.3) | 0.622 | 0 (0.0) | 11 (4.3) | 0.997 |
| Moderate-to-severe intensity | 50 (100.0) | 120 (100.0) | 1.000 | 55 (67.1) | 172 (67.4) | 0.949 |
| VAS score | 7.0 (7.0–8.0) | 7.00 (7.0–8.0) | 0.327 | 6.0 (4.0–7.0) | 6.0 (4.0–7.0) | 0.604 |
| HIT-6 score | 53.0 (46.0–60.3) | 50.0 (45.0–56.8) | 0.046 | 49.5 (44.0–56.0) | 50.0 (44.0–58.0) | 0.509 |
| MIDAS score | 14.5 (8.8–32.3) | 12.5 (5.0–27.8) | 0.163 | 10.0 (5.0–26.3) | 5.0 (2.0–12.0) | < 0.001 |
| Unilateral pain | 22 (44.0) | 69 (57.5) | 0.130 | 60 (72.3) | 181 (70.7) | 0.937 |
| Pulsating pain | 34 (68.0) | 73 (60.8) | 0.529 | 53 (64.6) | 196 (76.9) | 0.018 |
| Aggravation by movement | 40 (80.0) | 98 (81.7) | 0.971 | 56 (68.3) | 128 (50.2) | 0.082 |
| Nausea | 31 (62.0) | 89 (74.2) | 0.520 | 69 (84.1) | 213 (83.5) | 0.967 |
| Vomiting | 24 (48.0) | 58 (48.3) | 0.577 | 43 (52.4) | 89 (34.9) | 0.011 |
| Photophobia | 42 (84.0) | 83 (69.2) | 0.038 | 48 (58.5) | 98 (38.4) | 0.001 |
| Phonophobia | 43 (86.0) | 94 (78.3) | 0.087 | 53 (64.6) | 113 (44.3) | < 0.001 |
| WPI | 5.0 (3.0–7.0) | 4.0 (2.0–6.0) | 0.195 | 5.0 (4.0–7.0) | 3.0 (2.0–6.0) | 0.001 |
| FS | 12.0 (10.0–15.0) | 12.0 (8.0–14.0) | 0.032 | 12.0 (9.8–13.3) | 9.0 (6.0–12.0) | < 0.001 |
| PHQ-9 score | 8.0 (7.0–9.0) | 8.0 (5.0–9.0) | 0.755 | 9.0 (6.0–10.3) | 7.0 (4.0–9.0) | < 0.001 |
| GAD-7 score | 8.0 (3.8–11.5) | 5.0 (3.0–9.0) | 0.085 | 7.0 (4.0–11.0) | 4.0 (1.0–7.0) | < 0.001 |
| ASC-12 score | 3.0 (1.0–8.0) | 2.0 (0.0–4.7) | 0.043 | 2.5 (0.0–6.0) | 0.0 (0.0–3.0) | < 0.001 |
| BEPSI-K score | 2.6 (2.0–3.2) | 2.2 (1.8–3.0) | 0.044 | 2.3 (2.0–3.0) | 2.0 (1.0–2.8) | 0.001 |
| M-TOQ-6 score | 20.5 (16.3–24.0) | 22.0 (18.0–26.0) | 0.051 | 21.0 (17.3–25.0) | 23.0 (21.0–26.5) | 0.003 |
PM: probable migraine, HA: headache, VAS: visual analogue scale, HIT-6: Headache Impact Test-6, MIDAS: Migraine Disability Assessment, WPI: Widespread Pain Index, FS: Fibromyalgia symptom severity score, PHQ-9: Patient Health Questionnaire-9, GAD-7: Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7, ASC-12: 12-item Allodynia symptom checklist, BEPSI-K: Korean version of the Brief Encounter Psychosocial Instrument, M-TOQ-6: 6-item version of the Migraine-Treatment Optimization Questionnaire.