Table 4.
Comparison of the demographic and clinical characteristics of the participants (with migraine and probable migraine) presenting with visual aura in < 51% and > 51% of all headache attacks.
| Migraine with visual aura in ≥ 51% of all headache attacks, N = 13 | Migraine with visual aura in < 51% of all headache attacks, N = 37 | P value | PM with visual aura in ≥ 51% of all headache attacks, N = 15 | PM with visual aura in < 51% of all headache attacks, N = 67 | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 38.0 (34.0–45.0) | 41.0 (33.0–49.0) | 0.595 | 37.0 (30.0–46.0) | 45.0 (33.0–50.0) | 0.117 |
| Women | 4 (30.8) | 28 (75.7) | 0.004 | 10 (66.7) | 36 (53.7) | 0.404 |
| Frequency | 2.0 (0.75–8.0) | 4.0 (2.0–10.0) | 0.719 | 4.0 (1.0–8.0) | 2.0 (2.0–8.0) | 0.555 |
| HA days per month | 2.0 (1.0–10.0) | 5.0 (2.0–10.0) | 0.282 | 3.0 (1.0–5.0) | 2.0 (2.0–5.0) | 0.336 |
| Severe HA days per month | 2.0 (1.0–5.0) | 3.0 (1.0–5.5) | 0.381 | 3.0 (1.0–5.0) | 2.0 (1.0–3.0) | 0.876 |
| HA days with medication | 1.0 (0.0–15.0) | 3.0 (1.0–5.0) | 0.518 | 2.0 (0.0–5.0) | 2.0 (1.0–5.0) | 0.615 |
| Severe HA intensity | 5 (38.5) | 16 (43.2) | 0.847 | 0 (0.0–0.0) | 0 (0.0–0.0) | 1.000 |
| VAS score | 7.0 (7.0–8.0) | 7.0 (7.0–8.0) | 0.655 | 7.0 (4.0–8.0) | 6.0 (4.0–7.0) | 0.455 |
| HIT-6 score | 50.0 (44.0–53.0) | 54.0 (46.5–61.0) | 0.545 | 46.0 (41.0–55.0) | 50.0 (44.0–56.0) | 0.328 |
| MIDAS score | 11.0 (6.0–41.5) | 15.0 (9.0–15.0) | 0.417 | 11.0 (5.0–47.0) | 10.0 (5.0–24.0) | 0.200 |
| Unilateral pain | 6 (46.2) | 16 (43.2) | 0.884 | 9 (60.0) | 51 (76.1) | 0.303 |
| Pulsating pain | 8 (61.5) | 26 (70.3) | 0.275 | 9 (60.0) | 44 (65.7) | 0.752 |
| Aggravation by movement | 11 (84.6) | 29 (78.4) | 0.215 | 12 (80.4) | 44 (65.7) | 0.268 |
| Nausea | 9 (69.2) | 22 (59.5) | 0.574 | 12 (80.0) | 57 (85.1) | 0.702 |
| Vomiting | 9 (69.2) | 15 (40.4) | 0.401 | 6 (40.0) | 37 (55.2) | 0.481 |
| Photophobia | 13 (100.0) | 29 (78.4) | 0.998 | 12 (80.0) | 36 (53.7) | 0.071 |
| Phonophobia | 9 (69.2) | 22 (59.5) | 0.121 | 11 (73.3) | 42 (62.7) | 0.567 |
| WPI | 3.0 (1.0–6.0) | 6.0 (4.0–7.5) | 0.559 | 7.0 (4.0–9.0) | 4.0 (3.0–7.0) | 0.028 |
| PHQ-9 score | 9.0 (7.5–10.5) | 8.0 (6.0–9.0) | 0.400 | 10.0 (8.0–18.0) | 8.0 (6.0–9.0) | 0.016 |
| GAD-7 score | 9.0 (4.5–10.5) | 8.0 (3.0–13.0) | 0.754 | 12.0 (5.0–15.0) | 6.0 (4.0–9.0) | 0.013 |
| ASC-12 score | 4.0 (2.5–8.0) | 3.0 (0.5–8.0) | 0.675 | 4.0 (2.0–8.0) | 2.0 (0.0–6.0) | 0.572 |
| BEPSI-K score | 3.0 (2.7–3.8) | 2.6 (2.0–3.0) | 0.045 | 3.2 (2.2–4.0) | 2.2 (2.0–2.8) | 0.006 |
| M-TOQ-6 score | 20.5 (15.3–22.8) | 20.0 (16.5–24.3) | 0.555 | 21.0 (18.0–26.0) | 21.0 (17.0–25.0) | 0.827 |
| PSQI | 9.0 (7.5–10.0) | 7.0 (5.5–9.0) | 0.130 | 10.0 (7.0–10.0) | 7.0 (5.0–9.0) | 0.032 |
PM: probable migraine, HA: headache, VAS: visual analogue scale, HIT-6: Headache Impact Test-6, MIDAS: Migraine Disability Assessment, WPI: Widespread Pain Index, PHQ-9: Patient Health Questionnaire-9, GAD-7: Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7, ASC-12: 12-item Allodynia symptom checklist, BEPSI-K: Korean version Brief Encounter Psychosocial Instrument, M-TOQ-6: 6-item version of the Migraine-Treatment Optimization Questionnaire, PSQI: Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index.