Table 1.

Collection of studies quantifying municipal solid waste (MSW) openly burned.

Source	Scale	Assumption	Results
Sharma et al.19	India	Calculation of waste burned at landfills was based on a study in a landfill in Mumbai using average FRP. Fraction open burning of waste 7– 12%	68 Tg/yr was open burned in India in 2015
Wang et al.65	China	In reference to the limited literature, China’s average proportion of open MSW burning is set to 18.0% at residential and dumpsites and 38.0% at landfills.	The proportion of open burning is estimated from 79.8% in 2000 to 57.0% in 2013
Klimont et al.32	Global	IPCC guidelines 2006; CEPMEIP, 2002; EAWAG, 2008; Neurath, 2003. Fraction of open burning of waste is 0.5–5% for developed world and 10–20% for developing world.	Global estimation of MSW openly burned is estimated 115 Tg/yr to 160 Tg/yr in 2010
Wiedinmyer et al.20	Global	Follows IPCC guidelines 2006 in which 60% of the total waste available to be burned that is actually burned	970 Tg/yr of waste are globally openly burned. 620 Tg/yr at the residential level and 350 Tg/yr at dumpsites.
Hodzic et al.55	Mexico City	Assigned percentage of MSW burned according to socioeconomic status. Low and middle-low 60%, mid 30%, mid-high and high 20%. Based on anecdotal evidence with Mexican researchers.	The burned fraction exceeds 4 Gg/day
Bond et al.56	Global	Fraction of burned waste in urban areas based on United Nations Human Settlement Programme, 2000	Worldwide 33 Tg/yr, including 14 Tg/yr in Asia and 5 Tg/yr in Africa