Fig. 4.

Relationship between time of movement culmination and cardiac cycle in the phase domain. Panels A-F show the relationship between the time of the movement event (action end point) with respect to the phase of the R-R interval. In each panel the R peaks occurred at 0^o and the phase through the R-R interval cycles clockwise round the circle. On the left-hand side of the figure, panels A, C and E show the data for executed actions and on the right-hand side, panels B, D and F show the data for observed actions. In Panel A and B the circles show the mean phase across all movements for each subject; white circles indicate wave 1 and grey circles indicate wave 2 of data collection. The circular histogram shows the frequency of the data as a function of phase. The solid black arrow shows the circular mean phase across subjects. Panels C and D depict the distribution of the mean normalized circular histograms of all movements across subjects. The solid black line depicts the mean phase distribution and the dotted lines show the standard error around this mean (SEM). Panels E and F show the same data in C and D but the whole distribution. The solid grey line shows the null distribution (a uniform distribution). Error bars represent the SEM. * denotes phases were the proportion of events are significantly different from a uniform distribution at p < .05 (uncorrected for multiple comparisons).