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. 2022 Jan 10;13:28. doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-27579-9

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — a, b Spatial distribution of dendrometer sites and their respective mean atmospheric temperature (T_a in °C) and relative extractable water (REW) during the 2018 heatwave timeframe (day of year 208 until 264) for 2016–2018. Sites with incomplete dendrometer time series data are indicated with grey dots. c Tree stem radius monitored at the Swiss Lötschental (site N13) for a Picea abies (L.) Karst. tree. The period corresponding to the 2018 heatwave is shown in all three years (defined as Heatwave₂₀₁₈), in addition to tree water deficit (TWD) and extracted growth (GRO). d Inset of three days of tree stem radius monitored for the P. abies tree, where the concept of daily minimum and maximum TWD is shown (Max. TWD_daily and Min. TWD_daily, respectively).