Table 4.
Antibiotics and related treatments for COVID-19 patients during admission and hospitalization
| Variable | Admission, n (%) n = 524a |
Hospitalization, n (%) n = 690a |
|
|---|---|---|---|
| Number of antibiotic prescribed per patient | 1 | 430 (82.1) | 467 (67.7) |
| 2 | 69 (13.2) | 116 (16.8) | |
| 3 | 16 (3.1) | 52 (7.5) | |
| 4 | 5 (1.0) | 24 (3.5) | |
| 5 | 2 (0.4) | 15 (2.3) | |
| 6 | 0 (0.0) | 11 (1.6) | |
| 7 | 1 (0.2) | 1 (0.1) | |
| 8 | 1 (0.2) | 2 (0.3) | |
| 9 | 0 (0.0) | 2 (0.3) | |
| Fluoroquinolones | Ciprofloxacin | 1 (0.2) | 4 (0.4) |
| Moxifloxacin | 1 (0.2) | 1 (0.1) | |
| Cephalosporins | Fourth generation: cefepime | 12 (1.8) | 49 (4.3) |
| Third generation: ceftriaxone | 81 (12.3) | 139 (12.3) | |
| Third generation: cefoperazone | 1 (0.2) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Third generation: ceftazidime | 6 (0.9) | 16 (1.4) | |
| Second generation: cefuroxime | 5 (0.8) | 11 (1.0) | |
| First generation: cephalexin | 1 (0.2) | 2 (0.2) | |
| First generation: cefazolin | 1 (0.2) | 2 (0.2) | |
| Macrolides | Erythromycin | 3 (0.5) | 3 (0.3) |
| Azithromycin | 64 (9.7) | 94 (8.3) | |
| Glycopeptides | Vancomycin | 4 (0.6) | 20 (1.8) |
| Polymyxins | Colistin | 2 (0.3) | 19 (1.7) |
| Polymyxin B | 1 (0.2) | 10 (0.9) | |
| Β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitor | Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid | 375 (56.7) | 428 (37.8) |
| Piperacillin/tazobactam | 53 (8.0) | 151 (13.3) | |
| Ampicillin/sulbactam | 16 (2.4) | 43 (3.8) | |
| Penicillin | Amoxicillin | 3 (0.5) | 6 (0.5) |
| Cloxacillin | 7 (1.1) | 19 (1.7) | |
| Tetracycline | Doxycycline | 2 (0.3) | 9 (0.8) |
| Lincosamides | Clindamycin | 2 (0.3) | 4 (0.4) |
| Co-trimoxazole | 4 (0.6) | 16 (1.4) | |
| Carbapenem | Imipenem | 0 (0.0) | 4 (0.4) |
| Meropenem | 12 (1.8) | 79 (7.0) | |
| Nitroimidazoles | Metronidazole | 4 (0.6) | 4 (0.4) |
| Corticosteroid usage (n = 4043) | – | 124 (3.1) | |
| Oxygen therapy (n = 4043) | Non-invasive | 221 (5.4) | 324 (8.0) |
| Invasive | 50 (1.2) | 135 (3.3) | |
aTotal number of patients prescribed antibiotic(s)