Table 1.
Patient Characteristics by Group, Including Demographics, Frequency of Baseline Comorbidities, and Extrapulmonary Sepsis Source
| Variable | Control (n = 19) | Sepsis With ARDS (n = 46) | Sepsis Without ARDS (n = 54) | p a |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (yr), median (IQR) | 10 (3–13) | 5 (4–13) | 9 (7–16) | 0.03 |
| Sex, n (%) | 0.33 | |||
| Female | 10 (53) | 21 (46) | 30 (56) | |
| Male | 9 (47) | 25 (54) | 24 (44) | |
| Race, n (%) | 0.94 | |||
| Asian | 0 (0) | 2 (4) | 3 (6) | |
| Black or African American | 2 (11) | 10 (22) | 12 (22) | |
| Middle Eastern/Northern African | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (2) | |
| White | 15 (78) | 28 (61) | 30 (56) | |
| Other | 2 (11) | 6 (13) | 8 (15) | |
| Comorbidities,b n (%) | ||||
| None | 4 (21) | 9 (20) | 17 (31) | 0.25 |
| Cardiac | 0 (0) | 9 (20) | 7 (13) | 0.37 |
| Pulmonary | 0 (0) | 10 (22) | 10 (19) | 0.69 |
| Gastrointestinal | 0 (0) | 19 (41) | 12 (22) | 0.04 |
| Endocrine | 0 (0) | 7 (15) | 9 (17) | 0.84 |
| Renal | 0 (0) | 1 (2) | 6 (11) | 0.08 |
| Rheumatologic | 0 (0) | 3 (7) | 5 (9) | 0.62 |
| Immunologic | 0 (0) | 3 (7) | 1 (2) | 0.24 |
| Hematologic | 0 (0) | 4 (9) | 3 (6) | 0.54 |
| Oncologic | 5 (26) | 11 (24) | 9 (17) | 0.37 |
| Musculoskeletal | 5 (26) | 7 (15) | 4 (7) | 0.21 |
| Dermatologic | 0 (0) | 1 (2) | 2 (4) | 0.66 |
| Neurologic | 8 (42) | 18 (39) | 16 (30) | 0.32 |
| Immunosuppressedc | 0 (0) | 16 (35) | 19 (35) | 0.97 |
| Extrapulmonary sepsis source, n (%) | 0.97 | |||
| Blood | – | 18 (39) | 16 (30) | |
| Gastrointestinal | – | 12 (26) | 14 (26) | |
| Urinary | – | 5 (11) | 8 (15) | |
| CNS | – | 2 (4) | 4 (7) | |
| Skin | – | 2 (4) | 2 (4) | |
| Musculoskeletal | – | 2 (4) | 1 (2) | |
| Unknown | – | 5 (11) | 9 (17) | |
| Most frequent bacterial pathogens,d n (%) | ||||
| Escherichia coli | 4 (8) | 4 (7) | – | |
| Enterobacter cloacae | – | 2 (4) | 1 (2) | |
| Enterococcus faecalis | – | 0 (0) | 4 (7) | |
| Klebsiella pneumoniae | – | 2 (4) | 1 (2) | |
| Proteus mirabilis | – | 2 (4) | 0 (0) | |
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa | – | 0 (0) | 2 (4) | |
| Staphylococcus aureus (methicillin sensitive) | – | 2 (4) | 5 (9) | |
| Streptococcus pneumoniae | – | 1 (2) | 3 (6) | |
| Streptococcus pyogenes | – | 1 (2) | 5 (9) | |
| Pediatric Risk of Mortality-III score, median (IQR) | 0 (0–3) | 15 (10–24) | 11 (5–16) | 0.005 |
ARDS = acute respiratory distress syndrome, IQR = interquartile range.
a
p value reflects difference between sepsis with versus without ARDS. Significance is defined as p < 0.05.
b
Categories are not mutually exclusive because some patients had more than one baseline comorbidity.
c
Immunosuppressed patients included those with immune deficiencies and those receiving immunosuppressive therapies.
d
Most frequently occurring bacteria cultured from primary site of infection are listed as counts (n).
Dashes indicate not applicable.