Table 7.

Endolysin applications against Salmonella.

Target Pathogens	Endolysin Application	Main Results	Ref.
S. Typhimurium LT2, A. baumannii 2, P. aeruginosa PAO1, P. fluorescens 7A, Shigella sonnei ATCC 25931, E. coli O157:H7 CECT 4782, Cronobacter sakazakii CECT 858, Pantoea agglomerans SA5634, Enterobacter amnigenus CECT 4878, Proteus mirabilis SA5445, Salmonella bongori SGSC 3100, Klebsiella oxytoca ATCC 13182, Yersinia enterocolitica SA5429	Recombinant endolysin Lys68 (phage from S. Enteritidis), 2 µM with EDTA and organic acids as permeabilizers	Broad spectrum of activity in the presence of malic acid as permeabilizer	[104]
Clinical or reference strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii. Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus haemolyticus	Recombinant endolysins LysAm24 (phage from A. baumannii), LysECD7 (phage from E. coli), LysSi3 (phage from S. Typhi), 5–15 µg/mL	Broad spectrum of specificity against all strains except those from the genus Staphylococcus, which showed total or partial resistance	[105]
Salmonella Typhimurium LT2, Escherichia coli DH5α	Recombinant endolysin BSP16Lys (phage from S. Typhiumurium) loaded into liposomes to trespass outer membrane barrier	BSP16Lys loaded into liposomes were active against S. Typhimurium and E. coli	[106]
Streptococcus pyogenes ATCC19615, Bacillus subtilis ATCC 12711, Bacillus sp., P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853, E. coli ATCC 25922, S. Typhimurium DDBCC1001, Proteus sp., K. pneumoniae ATCC 13883	Purified endolysin Lys4630, from a lysogenic bacteriophage SPP1 against Bacillus subtilis	Lytic activity against Gram-negative pathogens tested	[107]
S. enterica ATCC13076, E. coli ATCC35150, Shigella flexneri CMCC51572	Recombinant Endolysin LyS15S6 (phage Salmonella-virus-FelixO1) administrated with ε-poly-L-lysine as outer membrane permeabilizer	Reduction in 4.19, 3.18, and 3.00 log10 units, respectively	[108]
Multidrug-resistant strains of S. Enteritidis, S. Typhimurium, S. Agora, S. Indiana, S. Anatum, S. Dublin	Recombinant endolysin LysSE24 administrated with outer membrane permeabilizers	Broad spectrum of activity mainly against multidrug resistance Salmonella	[109]
A. baumanii, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella Enteritidis, S. Typhimurium, Staphylococcus aureus	Recombinant endolysis LysSS (phage from S. Enteritidis)	Broad spectrum of antibacterial activity. Active without a permeabilizer additive. Different minimal inhibitory concentrations for A. baumannii genotypes	[110]
Several strains of A. baumannii, Salmonella spp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterococcus faecium, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus.	Recombinant endolysin Abtn-4 (phage from Acinetobacter baumannii), 5 µM. No permeabilizer added	Reduction of Gram-negatives in more than 3 log10 units, active against Gram-positives. Reduction of biofilm formation for both Gram-positives and Gram-negatives	[111]
Clinical isolates from S. Enteritidis, S. Infantis, S. Typhimurium, S. Dublin, S London, A. baumanii, Enterobacter spp., P. aeruginosa, K. pneumoniae, Campylobacter jejuni	Individually tested recombinant endolysins (100 µg/)mL LysAm24 (phage from A. baumannii), LysAp22 (phage from A. baumannii), LysSi3 (phage from S. Infantis), LysSt11 (phage from S. Typhimurium), LysECD7 (phage from E. coli)	All tested isolates showed broad spectrum of activity	[112]
Pseudomonas aeruginosa, S. Typhimurium, S. Enteritidis, S. Gallinarum Klebsiella pneumoniae, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA)	Combined use of recombinant endolysin RL-Lys and holin RLH-Lys (phage from P. aeruginosa)	The holin allows the entrance of the endolysin into the periplasmic space showing a broad-spectrum activity	[113]
S. Typhimurium, S. Enteritidis, S. Paratyphi A, S. Paratyphi B, Shigella dysenteriae, S. boydii, E. coli, Lysteria monocytogenes, S. aureus	Recombinant LysSp1 (phage from S. Typhimurium) 1–10 µg/mLin the presence of EDTA	Reduction in 1–6 log10 units, broad spectrum of specificity	[114]
S. Typhimurium NBRC 12529, S. Typhimurium FHC, S. Anatum, S. Braenderup, S. Derby, S. Enteritidis FHC, S. Hadar, S. Litchfield, S. Stanley, Escherichia coli NBRC 3301 (K-12), E. coli BW25113, Enterohemorrhagic E. coli O91:H-*1, Enterohemorrhagic E. coli O157: H7, Pseudomonas aeruginosa NBRC 13275, Staphylococcus aureus NCTC8325, Listeria monocytogenes No.180	Recombinant endolysin LysSTG2 (phage from S. Typhimurium), 2–800 µg/mLin the presence of chloroform/Tris-HCl (spectrum activity assay) or slightly acidic hypochlorous water (SAHW; 40 mg/L chlorine, pH5.5) for biofilm assay in S. Typhimurium	Broad spectrum of activity on Gram-negative bacteria. Synergy with SAHW in biofilm assays	[115]