Table 1.
Categorization per family of veterinary antibiotics for food-producing animals, representing their occurrence (%).
| Antibiotics | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Penicillins 87.1% | Tetracyclines 87.1% | Aminoglycosides 77.1% | Macrolides 77.1% | Sulfonamides 70% | Quinolones 68.6% | Polypeptides 64.3% | Cephalosporins 58.6% | Phenicols 51.4% | Lincosamides 51.4% | 
| Natural Penicillins Benzylpenicillin Penethamate hydroxide Penicillin procaine Amdinopenicillins Mecillinam Aminopenicillins Amoxicillin Ampicillin Hetacillin Aminopenicillin plus Betalactamase inhibitor Amoxicillin_Clavulanic Acid Carboxypenicillins Ticarcillin Tobicillin UreidoPenicillin Aspoxicillin Phenoxypenicillins Phenoxymethylpenicillin Phenethicillin Antistaphylococcal Penicillins Cloxacillin Dicloxacillin Nafcillin Oxacillin | Chlortetracycline Doxycycline Oxytetracycline Tetracycline | Aminocyclitol Spectinomycin Aminoglycosides Streptomycin Dihydrostreptomycin Framycetin Kanamycin Neomycin Paromomycin Apramycin Gentamicin Tobramycin Amikacin | Azalide Tulathromycin MacrolidesC14 Erythromycin Macrolides C16 Josamycin Kitasamycin Spiramycin Tilmicosin Tylosin Mirosamycin Terdecamycin | Sulfachlorpyridazine Sulfadiazine Sulfadimerazin Sulfadimethoxine Sulfadimidine Sulfadoxine Sulfafurazole Sulfaguanidine Sulfamethazine Sulfadimethoxazole Sulfamethoxine Sulfamonomethoxine Sulfanilamide Sulfaquinoxaline Sulfonamides and Diaminopyrimidines Sulfamethoxypyridazine Trimethoprim+ Sulfonamide Diaminopyrimidines Baquiloprim Trimethoprim | Quinolones1G Flumequin Miloxacin Nalidixic acid Oxolinic acid Quinolones2G (Fluoroquinolones) Ciprofloxacin Danofloxacin Difloxacin Enrofloxacin Marbofloxacin Norfloxacin Ofloxacin Orbifloxacin | Enramycin Gramicidin Bacitracin Polypeptides cyclic Colistin Polymixin | Cephalosporin 1G Cefacetrile Cefalexin Cefalotin Cefapyrin Cefazolin Cefalonium Cephalosporin 2G Cefuroxime Cephalosporin 3G Cefoperazone Ceftiofur Ceftriaxone Cephalosporin 4G Cefquinome | Florphenicol Thiamphenicol | Pirlimycin Lincomycin | 
| Pleuromutilins 48.6% | Ionophores 42.9% | Novobiocin 31.4% | Ansamycin-Rifamycins 30% | Fosfomycin 7.1% | Streptogramins 5.7% | Quinoxalines 4.3% | Orthosomycins 4.3% | Fusidic Acid 1.4% | Bicyclomycin 1.4% | 
| Tiamulin Valnemulin | Lasalocid Maduramycin Monensin Narasin Salinomycin Semduramicin | Novobiocin | Rifampicin Rifaximin | Fosfomycin | Virginiamycin | Fusidic acid | Lasalocid Maduramycin Monensin Narasin Salinomycin Semduramicin | Fusidic acid | Bicozamycin | 
Adapted from OIE, List of antimicrobials of veterinary importance [27].