Table 2.
Multiplex electrochemical aptasensors based on redox signal tags.
| Analytes | Method | LOD/Range | Signal Tags | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ATP, cocaine | SWV | ATP: 0.1 pM, cocaine: 1.5 pM | Th, Fc | [73] |
| MUC-1, VEGF165 | SWV | 0.33 nM/1 nM–20 nM | Fc | [75] |
| TB, OTA | DPV | TB: 0.05 pM, OTA: 0.12 pM/TB: 0.1 pM–40 nM, OTA: 0.4 pM–35 nM | AQ, hemin | [76] |
| Ang, Tob | SWV | Ang: 0.07 pM, Tob: 20 fM/Ang: 0.2 pM–10 nM, Tob: 50 fM-5 nM | MB, Fc | [77] |
| IFN-γ, TNF-α | SWV | IFN-γ: 6.35 ngmL−1, TNF-α: 5.46 ngmL−1 | AQ, MB | [79] |
| IFN-γ, Lys | SWV | IFN-γ: 1.14 × 10−3 nM, Lys: 0.0164 nM/IFN-γ: 0.01–10 nM, Lys: 0.1–100 nM | MB, Fc | [78] |
| MUC-1, CEA | SWV | MUC-1: 0.6 nM, CEA: 2.75 ngmL−1/MUC-1: 10 nM–100 nM, CEA: 30 ngmL−1–300 ngmL−1 |
MB | [80] |
| Ag+, Hg2+ | DPV | Ag+: 2 pM, Hg2+: 7.5 pM/Ag+: 0.01 nM–5µM, Hg2+: 0.5 nM–50 µM | AQ, Fc | [81] |
| KANA, CAP | SWV | KANA: 35 fM, CAP: 21 fM/KANA, CAP: 1 × 10−4–50 nM | MB, Fc | [70] |
| ZEN, FB1 | DPV | ZEN, FB1: 5 × 10−4 ngmL−1/ZEN: 1 × 10−3–10 ngmL−1, FB1: 1 × 10−3–1 × 102 ngmL−1 | Th, Fc | [84] |
| OTA, FB1 | DPV | OTA: 0.47 pgmL−1, FB1: 0.26 pgmL−1/1.0 pgmL−1–100 ngmL−1 | Th, Fc | [85] |
| AFB1, OTA | ACV | AFB1: 4.3 pgmL−1, OTA: 13.3 pgmL−1/AFB1: 10–3000 pgmL−1, OTA: 30–10,000 pgmL−1 |
Fc, MB | [82] |
| CEA, CA 15-3 | DPV | CEA: 11.2 pg mL−1, CA 15-3 132 × 10−2 U mL−1/CEA: 5.0 × 10−2–60.0 ng mL−1, CA 15-3: 5.0 × 10−2–100.0 U mL−1 | Hemin, Fc | [86] |
| VEGF, IFN-γ, TNF-α | SWV | 5 pg mL−1 each cytokine/VEGF: 5–300 pg mL−1, IFN-γ: 5–300 pg mL−1, TNF-α: 5–200 pg mL−1 |
AQ, MB, Fc | [83] |
| PSA, sarcosine | SWV | PSA: 2.5 fg mL−1, sarcosine: 14.4 fg mL−1 | MB, Fc | [88] |
ACV, alternating current voltammetry; AFB1, aflatoxin B1; Ang, angiogenin; AQ, antraquinone; ATP, adenosine triphosphate; CA 15-3, carbohydrate antigen 15-3; CAP, chloramphenicol; CEA, carcinoembryonic antigen; DPV, differential pulse voltammetry; FB1, fumonisin B1; Fc, ferrocene; IFN-γ, interferon gamma; KANA, kanamycin; Lys, lysozyme; MB, methylene blue; MUC-1, human mucin-1; OTA, ochratoxin; PSA, prostate specific antigen; SWV, square wave voltammetry; TB, thrombin; Th, thionine; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor alpha; Tob, thrombin; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor; and ZEN, zearalenone.