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A schematic diagram showing the potential roles of prebiotics, probiotics and synbiotics in immune modulation, inhibition of HIV and coronaviruses, inflammatory bowel diseases and cancer cells. HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; CD4, cluster of differentiation 4; hsCRP, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; B cells, t-lymphocyte cells; NK cells, natural killer cells; T cell, t-lymphocytes; IL-10, interleukin-10; IFN-g, interferon gamma. The pictures are taken from BioRender.com
