Table 1.

Main studies investigating the involvement of PXR in cholestatic liver diseases.

Effect	Model	Reference
Increase in PXR gene and protein levels	Patients with obstructive cholestasis	[28,29]
PXR downregulation in the late stage of obstructive cholestasis	Children with biliary atresia	[30]
PXR upregulation in the first stages and downregulation in the late stages of cholestatic disease	BDL rats	[43]
A SNP the exon 9 of PXR is weakly correlated with the progression and severity of PBC	PBC patients	[47]
Reduction in PXR expression with respect to healthy subjects	PBC patients grade III and IV	[48]
Bezafibrate increases PXR gene expression exerting anticholestatic effect	PBC patients	[49]
Rifampicin-induced PXR activation mediates the upregulation of UGT1A1 and MRP2	Rifampicin-treated patients undergoing cholecystectomy	[55,56]
PXR overexpression correlates with SULT2A1 upregulation only in PBC patients	PBC and PSC patients	[57]