Table 4.

Main studies investigating the involvement of PXR in liver cancer (HCC).

Effect	Model	Reference
Decreased PXR gene and protein expression, IL6 and TNFα upregulation PXR transfection reduces HepG2 migration, adhesion, and invasion	DEN-treated mice PXR-transfected HepG2 cells	[91]
PXR enhances the transcriptional activity of CAR and downregulates cell-cycle suppressor genes.	PCN-treated mice	[93]
PXR activation increases hepatocytes proliferation but does not affect cancer progression, whereas concomitant PXR and CAR activation has a pro-carcinogenic effect	Mice with DEN-induced HCC treated with PCN and phenobarbital	[94]
The TGF-β/ERK/ETS1/PXR cascade upregulates efflux transporters and drug metabolizing enzymes, inducing drug resistance	HepG2, Huh7, and PLC/PRF/5 cells	[97]