Table 2.
Quantitative measures completed within the study.
| Measure | Construct | Scoringa | Example item | Reliability | Participant group and time point |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| The Work Self-Efficacy Inventory (WS-Ei; Raelin, 2010) | Workplace confidence (higher scores reflect greater confidence) | 30 items, rated on 5-point scale from ‘not at all’ to
‘completely’ Maximum overall composite score of 5 |
How confident are you working under pressure? | Cronbach’s α = 0.97 | Interns, pre- and post-internship |
| Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS; Kessler et al., 2005) | ADHD symptoms (higher scores reflect a higher level of ADHD symptoms) | 6 items rated on 5-point scale from ‘never’ to ‘very
often’ Maximum score of 72 |
How often do you have difficulty getting things in order when you have to do a task that requires organisation? | Cronbach’s α = 0.83 | Interns, pre-internship |
| Patient Health Questionnaire depression module (PHQ-8); Kroenke et al. (2001) | Level of depression (higher scores reflect a higher level of depression) | 8 items rated on a 4-point scale ranging from ‘not at all’
to ‘nearly every day’ Maximum score of 24 |
How often in the past two weeks have you experienced ‘feeling down, depressed, or hopeless?’ | Cronbach’s α = 0.89 | Interns, pre- and post-internship |
| General Anxiety Disorder 7 (GAD-7 Spitzer et al., 2006) | Level of anxiety (higher scores reflecting greater severity of anxiety) | 7 items rated on a 4-point scale ranging from ‘not at all’
to ‘nearly every day’ Maximum score of 21 |
How often have you been bothered by certain feelings, e.g. ‘feeling nervous, anxious, or on edge?’ | Cronbach’s α = 0.88 | Interns, pre- and post-internship |
| World Health Organization Quality of Life: Brief Version (WHOQOL-BREF; World Health Organization, 1996; Skevington et al., 2004) | Perception of a person’s standing in life (higher scores reflect better quality of life) | 26 items on a 0–100 scale according to four dimensions:
physical health, psychological well-being, social
relationship and environment Maximum score of 100 for each dimension |
How satisfied are you with your sleep? | Cronbach’s α ranging from = 0.69 to 0.94 for the four domains | Interns, pre-internship |
| Work Performance Questionnaire (WPQ, Modified from the Work Performance Evaluation (WPE; Katz et al., 2015) | Employee performance (frequency and independence when carrying out tasks) (higher scores reflect more frequent and more independent performance on the task in question) | 31 items rated on 5-point scale for frequency and
independence, split into five subscales: (1) presentation
(appearance at work), punctuality and responsibility; (2)
task comprehension and planning; (3) task performance; (4)
dealing with distractions and (5) contact/interaction with
colleagues and superiors. Maximum score of 35 for frequency and 35 for independence on each subscale |
Please fill out the questionnaire relating to Frequency (how often a behaviour occurs) and Independence (whether/how much you/the employee needs any help or assistance to complete the task) for each of the behaviours listed below: | Cronbach’s α = 0.98 for interns and 0.95 for managers | Interns and managers, post-internship |
WS-Ei: Work Self-Efficacy Inventory; ADHD: attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; ASRS: Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale; PHQ-8: Patient Health Questionnaire; GAD-7: General Anxiety Disorder 7; WHOQOL-BREF: World Health Organization Quality of Life: Brief Version; WPQ: Work Performance Questionnaire; WPE: Work Performance Evaluation.