TCS increased expression of PPARγ-regulated genes related to inflammation through PPARγ pathway in vitro. (A,B) The mRNA expression level of the inflammatory genes exposed to indicated dose of TCS in HTR-8/SVneo and JEG-3 cells. (C,D) HTR-8/SVneo and JEG-3 cells treated with or without rosiglitazone and GW9662 for 24 h in HTR-8/SVneo and JEG-3 cells co-treated with TCS (40 µM for HTR-8/SVneo, 30 µM for JEG-3). (E–H) PPARγ was overexpressed (E,F) or displayed knockdown (G,H) and co-treated with TCS in HTR-8/SVneo and JEG-3 cells. (I) The protein expression of IL-1β was analyzed by Western blot in HTR-8/SVneo and JEG-3 cells exposed to TCS. The relative value of protein expression is shown below. The data are shown as the means ± S.E.M. * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; compared with the indicated group, n = 3.