Figure 8.
Schematic model depicting TCS-induced placental dysfunction and low birth-weight infants through PPARγ signaling pathways. TCS inhibited cell growth, angiogenesis, and migration and promoted inflammation of placenta via PPARγ-regulated genes HMOX1, ANGPTL4, VEGFA, MMP-2, MMP-9, p65, IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α.