Figure 3.

The KEAP1-NRF2 system in cell senescence-related processes. Sublethal damage, such as oxidative stress, DNA damage, mitochondrial dysfunction, and oncogene activation, triggers cellular senescence. During aging, senescent cells are increased in various tissues, some of which exhibit a reduction in the activity of the KEAP1-NRF2 system. Senescent cells produce inflammatory cytokines and matrix metalloproteinases, leading to smoldering inflammation and pathology. The KEAP1-NRF2 system is expected to suppress the causes of cellular senescence and SASP gene expression.