Table 4.
Cardiovascular variables (mean ± standard deviation) of oxidative and nitrosative stress of nondiabetic rats (NDR), diabetic control rats (DR), and DR treated with hydroxytyrosol (HT) 5 mg/kg/day p.o. (HT-5), 3′,4′-dihidroxifenilglicol (DHPG) 0.5 or 1 mg/kg/day p.o. (DHPG-0.5, DHPG-1), or their association. n = 10 rats per group.
Variable | NDR | DR | HT-5 | DHPG-0.5 | DHPG-1 | HT-5 + DHPG-0.5 | HT-5 + DHPG-1 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Imax (ohms) | 12.8 ± 2.1 | 23.1 ± 2.1 (+) | 8.8 ± 1.4 (*) | 10.7 ± 1.3 (*) | 6.9 ± 1.5 (*) | 3.0 ± 0.7 (*,a) | 3.2 ± 0.7 (*,a) |
11-dH-TxB2 (ng/mg urine creatinine) | 3.9 ± 0.9 | 9.7 ± 1.1 (+) | 4.4 ± 1.2 (*) | 8.9 ± 1.8 | 6.8 ± 0.9 | 5.6 ± 1.3 | 7.8 ± 1.6 |
6-keto-PGF1α (pg/mg urine creatinine) | 14.0 ± 1.4 | 6.8 ± 1.0 (+) | 10.8 ± 1.6 (*) | 11.1 ± 0.9 (*) | 13.1 ± 1.9 (*) | 16.6 ± 1.5 (*,c) | 18.7 ± 2.8 (*,c) |
MPOx (ng/mL) | 0.8 ± 0.08 | 2.5 ± 0.3 (+) | 0.7 ± 0.2 (*) | 0.8 ± 0.1 | 0.8 ± 0.09 | 0.5 ± 0.1 (*) | 0.4 ± 0.08 (*) |
VCAM-1 (ng/mL) | 4.8 ± 0.8 | 9.7 ± 0.8 (+) | 4.1 ± 0.4 (*) | 7.9 ± 0.6 (*) | 6.1 ± 0.8 (*) | 4.6 ± 0.5 (*) | 3.4 ± 0.8 (*,b) |
Imax: maximum intensity of platelet aggregation induced with collagen. 6-keto-PGF1α: 6-keto-prostaglandin F1α; 11-dH-TxB2: 11-dehydro-tromboxane B2. MPOx: myeloperoxidase. * p < 0.05 with respect to DR. a p < 0.05 with respect to DHPG-0.5; b p < 0.05 with respect to DHPG-0.5, DHPG-1 and HT-5 + DHPG-0.5; c p < 0.05 with respect to HT, DHPG-0.5 and DHPG-1.