Table 2.
Paraneoplastic syndromes in patients with keratinocyte skin cancer. Compilation of the clinical features of all cases and separately for the different skin cancer types. No (%): Number of cases and % of corresponding cases with available information.
| Keratinocyte Skin Cancer (No) | Total (N = 41) | BCC a (N = 4) | SCC (N = 35) | Other b (N = 2) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex, No (%) | Male | 34 (83) | 2 (50) | 30 (86) | 2 (100) |
| Female | 7 (17) | 2 (50) | 5 (14) | 0 (0) | |
| Localization c, No (%) | Head/neck | 7 (18) | 2 (50) | 3 (9) | 2 (100) |
| Trunk | 19 (47) | 2 (50) | 17 (50) | 0 | |
| Extremities | 14 (35) | 0 | 14 (41) | 0 | |
| N/A | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | |
| PNS, No (%) | MAH/HHM | 32 (78) | 0 (0) | 30 (85) | 2 (100) |
| Anemia | 4 (10) | 3 (75) | 1 (3) | 0 (0) | |
| Bazex syndrome | 2 (5) | 0 (0) | 2 (6) | 0 (0) | |
| Other i | 3 (7) | 1 (25) | 2 (6) | 0 (0) | |
| Timing of PNS d, No (%) | before | 3 (7) | 0 (0) | 3 (9) | 0 (0) |
| simultaneously | 22 (54) | 1 (25) | 19 (54) | 2 (100) | |
| after | 16 (39) | 3 (75) | 13 (37) | 0 (0) | |
| Primary e, No (%) | No | 21 (55) | 1 (33) | 20 (61) | 0 (0) |
| Yes | 17 (45) | 2 (67) | 13 (39) | 2 (100) | |
| N/A | 3 | 1 | 2 | 0 | |
| Recurrence f, No (%) | No | 27 (71) | 2 (67) | 23 (70) | 2 (100) |
| Yes | 11 (29) | 1 (33) | 10 (30) | 0 (0) | |
| N/A | 3 | 1 | 2 | 0 | |
| Metastases, No (%) | No | 20 (54) | 3 (75) | 15 (48) | 2 (100) |
| Yes | 17 (46) | 1 (25) | 16 (52) | 0 (0) | |
| N/A | 4 | 0 | 4 | 0 | |
| Predilection g, No (%) | No | 9 (28) | 2 (100) | 7 (24) | 0 (0) |
| Yes | 23 (72) | 0 | 22 (76) | 1 (100) | |
| N/A | 9 | 2 | 6 | 1 | |
| Genoderma-tosis j | 4 (17) | 0 (0) | 4 (18) | 0 (0) | |
| Acquired k | 19 (83) | 0 (0) | 18 (82) | 1 (100) | |
| Scar/Ulcus | 9 (48) | 0 (0) | 8 (44) | 1 (100) | |
| Hidradenitis suppurativa | 8 (42) | 0 (0) | 8 (44) | 0 (0) | |
| Other l,m | 2 (10) | 0 (0) | 2 (12) | 0 (0) | |
| Resolution h, No (%) | Yes | 25 (66) | 2 (67) | 21 (64) | 2 (100) |
| No | 13 (34) | 1 (33) | 12 (36) | 0 (0) | |
| N/A | 3 | 1 | 2 | 0 | |
The background color highlights the data that refer to one factor. a Abbreviations. BCC: basal cell carcinoma, SCC: cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma, N/A: not available, PNS: paraneoplastic syndrome, MAH: malignancy associated hypercalcemia, HHM: humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy. b One case of trichilemal carcinoma and one case of pilomatrixoma. c Localization: localization of the primary neoplasm. d Timing of PNS: time point of PNS diagnosis relative to the diagnosis of skin cancer. e Primary: primary tumor only. f Recurrence: local tumor recurrence after treatment. g Predilection: presence of a condition that predisposes to skin cancer development. h Resolution: resolution of paraneoplastic syndrome after skin cancer treatment. I Inflammatory arthralgias, neuropathy, antiphospholipid syndrome. j Genodermatoses: recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa, porokeratosis Mibelli, xeroderma pigmentosum. k Acquired: acquired predilection. l Chronic arsenic intoxication, lymphedema. mItalics denote the subanalysis of cases with an acquired predilection.