Table 3.

Features of the phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K) inhibitors approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) from 2011 to 2021. The order of drugs is tabulated in order of most recent to oldest registration date.

No.	Generic Name of Drug	Brand Name and Company	First FDA/EMA Approved Date	Structure	Molecular Target	Route of Administration	Indication	Adverse Effects	Reference
1	Duvelisib	COPIKTRA Verastem, Inc. Needham, MA, USA	FDA: 24 September 2018 EMA: 19 May 2021		PI3K-δ 1, PI3K-γ 2	Oral	Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia, Follicular Lymphoma	Neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, anemia, diarrhea, pyrexia, nausea, vomiting, anorexia	[84,85]
2	Copanlisib	ALIQOPA Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals Inc., HanoverWhippany, NJ, USA	FDA: 14 September 2017 EMA: Not approved		PI3K-α 3, PI3K-δ 1	Intravenous infusion	Follicular Lymphoma	Hyperglycemia, hypertension, infections, neutropenia	[86,87]
3	Idelalisib	ZYDELIG Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, CA, USA	FDA: 23 July 2014 EMA: 18 September 2014		PI3K-δ 1	Oral	Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia, Follicular Lymphoma	Diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, fatigue, headache, pneumonia, chill, dyspnea, rash, neutropenia, pyrexia, sepsis, decreased neutrophil count, hypertriglyceridemia, hyperglycemia, elevated alanine and aspartate transaminases	[88,89]

¹ PI3K-δ: phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase delta. ² PI3K-γ: phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase gamma. ³ PI3K-α: phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase alpha.