Table 1.

The list of side effects caused by various synthetic drugs, along with generic names.

Generic Names	Medicinal Compound	Side Effects	Mode of Action	References
Isoniazid, isoniazide, azuren, INH, L 1945, Mybasan, neumadin, RP 5015, tubomel, vazadrine, isoniazidum	Isonicotinic acid hydrazide (isoniazid)	Hepatotoxic (hepatitis, nausea, vomiting, and decreased appetite)	Suppresses the multiplication of mycobacteria	[54]
Streptomicina, streptomycin, streptomycine, strepidin-4-α-streptobiosaminosid, streptomycin sulfate, streptomycini sulfas, streptomycinsulfat	Streptomycin	Ototoxicity	Inhibition of protein synthesis of mycobacteria in the ribosome	[55]
Ethionamide, TH 1314, aethionamidum, Bayer 5312, etionizina, ETP, ethionamidum	Ethionamide	Hepatitis, depression, hypersensitivity	A prodrug that is activated by the enzyme ethA, a mono-oxygenase in Mycobacterium tuberculosis; binds NAD+ to form an adduct that inhibits InhA in the same way as isoniazid
Cycloserine, lilly 106-7, MK 65, PA 94, Ro 1-9213, SC 49088, cicloserina, cycloserinum	Cycloserine	Psychosis, rashes	Cycloserine is a broad-spectrum antibiotic with only moderate anti-TB activity. It inhibits cell wall synthesis. The MIC of cycloserine in the Bactec 460-TB system is 25–75 μg/mL
Capreomycin sulfate, capreomycin, CAM, capromycin, L 29275	Capreomycin	Deafness, vestibular toxicity	Inhibit protein synthesis by binding to the 70S ribosomal unit
Kanamicina, kanamycin, kanamycine, kanamycin monosulfate, kanamycin sulfate, kanamycin acid sulfate, kanamycin monosulfate, kanamycinmonosulfat	Kanamycin	Deafness, nephrotoxic	Inhibits protein synthesis by tightly binding to the conserved A site of 16S rRNA in the 30S ribosomal subunit
Rifampicin	Rifampicin	Hepatotoxic, interaction with other drugs, a potent inducer of microsomal enzymes	Inhibits bacterial DNA-dependent RNA synthesis by inhibiting bacterial DNA-dependent RNA polymerase	[56]
Pirazinamide, pyrazinamide, pyrazinecarboxamide, pyrazinoic acid amide, pyrizinamide, pyrazinamidum	Pyrazinamide	Hepatitis, Hyperuricemia, arthralgia, arthritis	It diffuses into the granuloma of M. tuberculosis, where the tuberculosis enzyme pyrazinamidase converts pyrazinamide to the active form of pyrazinoic acid
Ethambutol, ethambutolo, ethambutol hydrochloride, CL 40881, ethambutol hydrochloride, ethambutoldihydrochlorid, ethambutoli hydrochloridum	Ethambutol	Optic neuritis	It works by obstructing the formation of the cell wall. Mycolic acids attach to the 5’-hydroxyl groups of D-arabinose residues of arabinogalactan and form mycolylarabinogalactan-peptidoglycan complex in the cell wall	[57]
Protionamide, PTH, PTP, RP, protionamidum, prothionamide	Prothionamide	Hepatotoxic, hypersensitivity, idiosyncrasy	It is activated by mono-oxygenase (EthA), forms covalent adducts with nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), and inhibits InhA, leading to blocking of the mycolic acid pathway
P.A.S., Para-aminosalicylic acid, pasalicylum, aminosalicylic acid, aminosalicylate sodium, para-aminosalicylsaures natrium-2-wasser, parasal sodium, sodium para-aminosalicylate, natrii aminosalicylas dihydricus, sodium aminosalicylate dihydrate	Para-aminosalicylic acid	Hepatotoxic, hypersensitivity, idiosyncrasy	It targets dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR); it is incorporated into the folate pathway by two enzymes, dihydropteroate synthase (DHPS) and dihydrofolate synthase (DHFS) to produce a hydroxyl dihydrofolate compound that inhibits DHFR, and subsequently blocks the folate pathway