Table 1.
The proximate analysis, fiber fractions, and minerals content of BMG and PBD.
| Proximate Analysis | ||||||
| Moisture (%) | Protein (%) | Fat (%) | Ash (%) | Carbohydrates (%) | Crude fiber (%) | |
| BMG | 18.41 ± 1.34 a | 10.57 ± 0.84 a | 1.57 ± 0.37 a | 3.68 ± 0.87 a | 63.75 ± 1.27 a | 13.25 ± 0.41 a |
| PBD | 7.66 ± 1.23 b | 6.54 ± 1.05 b | 0.81 ± 0.05 b | 3.97 ± 0.67 a | 56.1 ± 2.14 b | 16.32 ± 2.73 b |
| Fiber fractions | ||||||
| Cellulose | Hemi cellulose | Lignin | NDF | ADF | ADL | |
| BMG | 9.11 ± 0.63 e | 27.67 ± 0.36 e | 1.31 ± 0.11 e | 39.02 ± 0.54 e | 11.35 ± 0.22 e | 2.25 ± 0.77 e |
| PBD | 12.32 ± 1.63 f | 10.46 ± 2.13 f | 9.67 ± 0.41 f | 26.41 ± 2.18 f | 15.95 ± 2.54 f | 3.63 ± 0.84 e |
| Mineral content (mg/kg) | ||||||
| Ca | Fe | P | Mg | Zn | Se | |
| BMG | 427.89 ± 1.21 j | 27.11 ± 0.13 j | 193.17 ± 1.31 j | 111.15 ± 1.42 j | 25.16 ± 0.31 j | 0.69 ± 0.12 j |
| PBD | 1143.2 ± 7.24 k | 63.15 ± 2.37 k | 275.14 ± 4.61 k | 655.37 ± 8.41 k | 4.77 ± 0.82 k | 0.11 ± 0.04 k |
| Tocopherol, vitamin C, and β-carotene contents (mg/100 g) | ||||||
| Vitamin C | α-tocopherol | β-tocopherol | γ-tocopherol | δ-tocopherol | β-carotene | |
| BMG | 5.71 ± 1.17 r | 0.84 ± 0.74 r | 0.081 ± 0.05 | 0.54 ± 0.023 r | 0.93 ± 0.057 r | 0.17 ± 0.008 r |
| PBD | 136.3 ± 2.58 u | 179.92 ± 1.75 u | ND | 99.73 ± 0.87 u | 29.64 ± 0.58 u | 14.43 ± 0.36 u |
The data are expressed as means ± SD (where n = 3); Tocopherol fractions represent the content of vitamin E. NDF: neutral detergent fiber; ADF: acid detergent fiber; ADL: acid detergent lignin; BMG: barley malt grass; PBD: pomegranate byproduct. The values that appear with different superscript letters in the same column have significant differences. All represented fractions are considered as bioactive components, expected to have functionality for a manufactured bar.