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. 2021 Nov 26;10(12):1895. doi: 10.3390/antiox10121895

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Effects of P. nudicaule and P. rhoeas extracts and ethyl acetate (EtOAc) fraction on cytotoxicity and lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-induced nitric oxide (NO) production. (a) RAW264.7 cells were treated with each ethanol (EtOH) extract and EtOAc fraction of P. nudicaule and P. rhoeas (1.5625–50 μg/mL) for 24 h. Cell viability was examined by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)- and 5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assays. (b) RAW264.7 cells were treated with each EtOH extract and the EtOAc fraction of P. nudicaule and P. rhoeas as indicated, and LPS (5 ng/mL) for 24 h. NO production was examined in the culture supernatants. Data are presented as mean ± standard error of the mean (SEM) from at least three independent experiments in triplicate. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01 and *** p < 0.001 imply statistically significant differences compared with the LPS only treated group.