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. 2021 Nov 26;10(12):1895. doi: 10.3390/antiox10121895

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© 2021 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Effects of ethyl acetate (EtOAc) fraction of Papaver nudicaule orange (NO-Fr), Papaver nudicaule scarlet (NS-Fr), and Papaver rhoeas red (RA-Fr) on the STAT3 and NF-κB signaling pathways. (a,b) Expression and phosphorylation of STAT3 and NF-κB were examined by western blotting in RAW264.7 cells treated as indicated. (c) Expression levels of p-STAT3 were normalized to the STAT3 protein levels. (d) Expression levels of p-IκBα and p-p65 were normalized to the IκBα and p65 protein levels, respectively. Data are shown as mean ± standard deviation (SD). * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01 and *** p < 0.001 imply statistically significant differences compared with the LPS only treated group.