. 2021 Dec 10;10(12):1975. doi: 10.3390/antiox10121975

Table 2.

Results of biomarkers in the study group, classified according to frailty status (univariate analysis).

	Non-Frail				Pre-Frail				Frail				p-Value ^#
	n	Mean		SE	n	Mean		SE	n	Mean		SE	p-Value ^#
CRP (mg/dL)	109	0.24	±	0.02 ^a	130	0.61	±	0.13 ^b	49	0.72	±	0.16 ^b	0.002
IL-6 (pg/mL)	109	2.18	±	0.17 ^a	130	4.10	±	0.54 ^b	50	6.42	±	1.04 ^c	<0.001
Neopterin (nmol/L)	106	8.19	±	0.44 ^a	128	10.27	±	0.51 ^b	48	14.26	±	1.58 ^c	<0.001
Tryptophan (μmol/L)	106	62.99	±	1.06 ^a	128	60.31	±	1.11 ^a	48	53.92	±	1.85 ^b	<0.001
Kynurenine (μmol/L)	106	2.33	±	0.05 ^a	128	2.47	±	0.06 ^a	48	2.87	±	0.12 ^b	<0.001
Kyn/Trp (μmol/mmol)	106	37.94	±	1.14 ^a	128	42.28	±	1.18 ^b	48	56.20	±	3.06 ^c	<0.001
Tyrosine (μmol/L)	106	85.36	±	1.99 ^a	128	79.99	±	2.03 ^a	48	75.16	±	2.93 ^b	0.018
Phenylalanine (μmol/L)	106	89.89	±	1.75 ^a	128	89.10	±	1.64 ^a	48	85.68	±	2.86 ^a	0.413
Phe/Tyr (μmol/μmol)	106	1.08	±	0.02 ^a	128	1.17	±	0.02 ^b	49	1.17	±	0.03 ^a,b	0.012
Nitrite (μmol/L)	102	26.33	±	1.96 ^a	125	24.15	±	1.68 ^a	39	26.83	±	3.29 ^a	0.783
Vitamin A (mg/L)	109	0.52	±	0.01 ^a	129	0.49	±	0.01 ^a	49	0.50	±	0.03 ^a	0.323
Vitamin E (mg/L)	109	14.11	±	0.27 ^a	129	13.51	±	0.26 ^a,b	49	12.86	±	0.48 ^b	0.046
Net FPG-sensitive sites (%tDNA)	107	9.37	±	0.47 ^a,b	127	10.15	±	0.49 ^a	48	8.11	±	0.71 ^b	0.024

^# Multiple group comparison (ANOVA). Different letters indicate statistically different groups (Tukey’s test).