Table 1.
Demographic characteristics of respondents in ED and PC surveys across COVID-19 periods
| Emergency Department survey samples | Primary Care survey samples | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pre-COVID-19 (N=5927) | Wave 1 (N=4781) | Wave 2 (N=4443) | p-value* | Pre-COVID-19 (N=317) | Wave 1 (N=375) | Wave 2 (N=327) | p-value* | |
| Age, years | ||||||||
| 16 – 24 | 526 (8.9) | 432 (9.0) | 400 (9.0) | 0.8 | 4 (1.3) | 8 (2.1) | 4 (1.2) | 0.4 |
| 25 – 44 | 1771 (29.9) | 1472 (30.8) | 1324 (29.8) | 66 (20.9) | 100 (26.7) | 84 (25.8) | ||
| 45 – 64 | 1848 (31.2) | 1505 (31.5) | 1389 (31.3) | 142 (44.9) | 144 (38.5) | 139 (42.6) | ||
| 65+ | 1782 (30.1) | 1372 (28.7) | 1330 (29.9) | 104 (32.9) | 122 (32.6) | 99 (30.4) | ||
| Sex | ||||||||
| Female | 3105 (52.4) | 2546 (53.3) | 2343 (52.7) | 0.7 | 177 (56.2) | 231 (62.4) | 205 (63.7) | 0.1 |
| Male | 2822 (47.6) | 2235 (46.7) | 2100 (47.3) | 138 (43.8) | 139 (37.6) | 117 (36.3) | ||
| Education | ||||||||
| Grade school or some high school | 865 (15.0) | 538 (11.5) | 533 (12.2) | <0.001 | 15 (4.8) | 28 (7.5) | 12 (3.7) | 0.6 |
| Completed high school | 1519 (26.3) | 1261 (26.9) | 1159 (26.6) | 44 (14.1) | 55 (14.8) | 48 (14.7) | ||
| Post-secondary technical school | 606 (10.5) | 523 (11.2) | 386 (8.9) | 55 (17.6) | 49 (13.1) | 50 (15.3) | ||
| Some university or college | 518 (9.0) | 469 (10.0) | 390 (9.0) | 42 (13.4) | 54 (14.5) | 49 (15.0) | ||
| Completed college diploma | 917 (15.9) | 762 (16.3) | 777 (17.9) | 50 (16.0) | 67 (18.0) | 61 (18.7) | ||
| Completed university degree | 1050 (18.2) | 850 (18.1) | 852 (19.6) | 78 (24.9) | 97 (26.0) | 82 (25.2) | ||
| Post-grad degree | 299 (5.2) | 282 (6.0) | 256 (5.9) | 29 (9.3) | 23 (6.2) | 24 (7.4) | ||
| Total annual household income | ||||||||
| < $25,000 | 666 (17.3) | 612 (18.3) | 551 (18.1) | 0.6 | 30 (10.3) | 27 (8.1) | 37 (12.5) | 0.1 |
| $25,000 to just under $50,000 | 892 (23.2) | 763 (22.8) | 662 (21.8) | 49 (16.9) | 56 (16.8) | 69 (23.4) | ||
| $50,000 to just under $75,000 | 727 (18.9) | 579 (17.3) | 556 (18.3) | 55 (19.0) | 67 (20.1) | 46 (15.6) | ||
| $75,000 to just under $100,000 | 556 (14.5) | 531 (15.9) | 464 (15.3) | 54 (18.6) | 58 (17.4) | 44 (14.9) | ||
| $100,000 to just under $150,000 | 540 (14.1) | 464 (13.9) | 421 (13.8) | 56 (19.3) | 60 (18.0) | 56 (19.0) | ||
| $150,000 to just under $200,000 | 256 (6.7) | 218 (6.5) | 202 (6.6) | 23 (7.9) | 32 (9.6) | 31 (10.5) | ||
| $200,000 or more | 203 (5.3) | 181 (5.4) | 185 (6.1) | 23 (7.9) | 33 (9.9) | 12 (4.1) | ||
| Overall self-reported health | ||||||||
| Poor | 549 (9.3) | 439 (9.3) | 351 (8.0) | 0.01 | 103 (32.6) | 100 (26.8) | 94 (28.3) | 0.3 |
| Fair | 1088 (18.5) | 845 (17.8) | 839 (19.0) | 87 (27.5) | 123 (33.0) | 118 (36.2) | ||
| Good | 2014 (34.2) | 1596 (33.7) | 1433 (32.5) | 77 (24.4) | 98 (26.3) | 79 (24.2) | ||
| Very good | 1555 (26.4) | 1301 (27.5) | 1181 (26.8) | 26 (8.2) | 25 (6.7) | 18 (5.5) | ||
| Excellent | 682 (11.6) | 556 (11.7) | 602 (13.7) | 23 (7.3) | 27 (7.2) | 17 (5.2) | ||
*p-value of chi-square test comparing demographic characteristics distribution across the three COVID-19 periods