AD	Alzheimer’s disease
ADP	Adenosine diphosphate
AGEs	advanced glycation end products
AMPK	5’-adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase
APAF1	Apoptotic peptidase-activating factor 1
ATP	Adenosine triphosphate
ATP13A2	Atpase type 13 a 2
BAK	Bcl2-antagonist/killer
BAX	Bcl-2-associated x protein
Ca2+	Calcium
CoQ	Co-enzyme q
CR	Caloric restriction
CVD	Cardiovascular diseases
DJ-1	Daisuke-junko-1
DPP-4	dipeptidyl peptidase-4
ETC	Electric transport chain
FADH2	flavin adenine dinucleotide
FBXO7	F-box only protein 7
GLP-1RA	glucagon-like peptide-1
GPX	glutathione peroxidase
GSH	Glutathione
HO•	hydroxy radical
IMS	Intermembrane space
LRRK2	Leucine rich repeat kinase 2
MELAS	mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes syndrome
Mfn-1 and 2	Mitofusins 1 and 2
MIM	Mitochondrial inner membrane
ΔΨm	Mitochondrial membrane potential
MOM	Mitochondrial outer membrane
MOMP	Mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization
MPTP	1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine
mtDNA	Mitochondrial DNA
mTOR/mTORC1	Mammalian target of rapamycin/mammalian target of rapamycin complex I
nDNA	Nucleus DNA
NADH	nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
NF-κB	Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells
NOX	Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase
Nrf2	nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2
OPA1	optic atrophy 1
OXPHOS	Oxidative phosphorylation
PD	Parkinson disease
PGC	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR) γ coactivator
PINK1	Phosphatase and tensin homologue (PTEN)-induced putative kinase 1
PPAR	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor
ROS	Reactive oxygen species
rRNA	Ribosomal rna
SGLT2	sodium–glucose cotransporter 2
SOD	Superoxide dismutase
SIRT-1	Sirtuin-1
TCA	Tricarboxylic acid
TNF-α	tumor necrosis factor α
TRX	Thioredoxin