Table 5.
Polled analysis of outcomes among included trials.
| Outcome | No. of Studies | Events/Participants or Mean ± SD |
Events | Heterogeneity between Trials |
p-Value for Differences across Groups |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Robotic | Laparoscopic | OR or MD |
95%CI | p-Value | I2 Statistic |
|||
| Overall survival, OAS | ||||||||
| SHD/30—days | 18 | 6346/6369 (99.6%) |
8219/8319 (98.8%) |
2.10 | 1.00 to 4.43 | 0.07 | 43% | 0.05 |
| 1—yr | 1 | 44/44 (100%) |
37/41 (90.3%) |
10.68 | 0.56 to 204.84 | NA | NA | 0.12 |
| 3—yrs | 4 | 320/371 (86.3%) |
316/363 (87.1%) |
1.02 | 0.56 to 1.83 | 0.21 | 34% | 0.96 |
| 5—yrs | 4 | 551/644 (85.6%) |
488/557 (87.6%) |
0.87 | 0.61 to 1.23 | 0.89 | 0% | 0.43 |
| The disease—free survival rate, DFS | ||||||||
| 1—yr | 1 | 41/44 (93.2%) |
32/41 (78.0%) |
3.84 | 0.96 to 15.37 | NA | NA | 0.06 |
| 2—yrs | 3 | 131/171 (76.6%) |
121/163 (74.2%) |
1.15 | 0.65 to 2.04 | 0.29 | 20% | 0.62 |
| 3—yrs | 3 | 346/424 (81.6%) |
307/386 (79.5%) |
1.13 | 0.79 to 1.60 | 0.97 | 0% | 0.51 |
| 5—yrs | 1 | 138/154 (89.6%) |
135/165 (81.8%) |
1.14 | 0.64 to 2.01 | NA | NA | 0.66 |
| Time to liquid diet (days) | 7 | 3.7 ± 2.4 | 4.4 ± 2.6 | −0.58 | −1.50 to 0.33 | <0.001 | 95% | 0.95 |
| Time to solid diet (days) | 9 | 4.4 ± 3.0 | 5.1 ± 2.8 | −0.46 | −0.95 to 0.03 | <0.001 | 75% | 0.07 |
| Time to flatus (days) | 13 | 2.5 ± 1.4 | 2.9 ± 2.0 | −0.34 | −0.65 to −0.03 | <0.001 | 85% | 0.03 * |
| Time to bowel movement (days) | 7 | 2.4 ± 1.9 | 2.4 ± 1.7 | −0.06 | −0.25 to 0.13 | 0.49 | 0% | 0.53 |
| Hospital length of stay (days) | 34 | 8.0 ± 5.3 | 9.5 ± 10.0 | −2.01 | −2.90 to −1.11 | <0.001 | 99% | <0.001 * |
| Readmission rate | 11 | 91/882 (10.3%) |
203/2066 (9.8%) |
1.14 | 0.82 to 1.60 | 0.38 | 6% | 0.44 |
| Reoperation rate | 13 | 67/1061 (6.3%) |
80/1120 (7.1%) |
0.87 | 0.61 to 1.25 | 0.47 | 0% | 0.46 |
| Adverse events | ||||||||
| Overall, 30—days complications | 18 | 685/2520 (27.2%) |
1453/7639 (19.0%) |
1.11 | 0.80 to 1.55 | <0.001 | 84% | 0.53 |
| Anastomotic leakage | 28 | 135/2607 (5.2%) |
208/4097 (5.1%) |
0.84 | 0.65 to 1.07 | 0.66 | 0% | 0.16 |
| Anastomotic bleeding | 4 | 10/405 (2.5%) |
9/416 (2.2%) |
1.17 | 0.46 to 2.98 | 0.91 | 0% | 0.75 |
| Parastomal/trocar hernia | 3 | 45/1081 (4.2%) |
189/4943 (3.8%) |
1.23 | 0.88 to 1.73 | 0.65 | 0% | 0.23 |
| Urinary retention | 12 | 51/1455 (3.5%) |
96/1560 (6.1%) |
0.56 | 0.34 to 0.92 | 0.13 | 33% | 0.02 * |
| Urinary tract infection | 6 | 12/673 (1.8%) |
26/839 (3.1%) |
0.62 | 0.30 to 1.27 | 0.74 | 0% | 0.19 |
| Ureteral injury | 3 | 0/253 (0.0%) |
4/243 (1.6%) |
0.25 | 0.04 to 1.56 | 0.97 | 0% | 0.14 |
| Bowel obstruction | 5 | 28/549 (5.1%) |
48/1750 (2.7%) |
1.78 | 1.05 to 3.03 | 0.55 | 0% | 0.03 * |
| Small bowel perforation |
5 | 4/826 (0.5%) |
14/876 (1.6%) |
0.39 | 0.14 to 1.11 | 0.77 | 0% | 0.08 |
| Wound infection | 22 | 130/7048 (1.8%) |
229/9299 (2.5%) |
0.79 | 0.62 to 1.00 | 0.66 | 0% | 0.05 |
| Sepsis | 4 | 10/381 (2.6%) |
99/1644 (6.0%) |
0.79 | 0.39 to 1.59 | 0.65 | 0% | 0.51 |
| Wound dehiscence | 5 | 5/444 (1.1%) |
35/1714 (2.0%) |
1.04 | 0.25 to 4.42 | 0.28 | 22% | 0.96 |
| Abdominal bleeding | 12 | 16/2052 (0.8%) |
144/6015 (2.4%) |
0.85 | 0.30 to 2.35 | 0.03 | 49% | 0.75 |
| Ileus | 19 | 787/6363 (12.4%) |
1221/8637 (14.1%) |
0.94 | 0.77 to 1.14 | 0.32 | 11% | 0.51 |
| Abdominal abscess | 8 | 14/911 (1.5%) |
15/984 (1.5%) |
0.90 | 0.43 to 1.91 | 0.84 | 0% | 0.79 |
| Pelvic abscess | 3 | 10/251 (4.0%) |
10/303 (3.3%) |
1.20 | 0.40 to 3.65 | 0.32 | 12% | 0.74 |
| Fistula | 5 | 22/784 (2.8%) |
13/762 (1.7%) |
1.66 | 0.83 to 3.33 | 0.73 | 0% | 0.15 |
| Pulmonary embolism |
3 | 1/261 (0.4%) |
2/372 (0.5%) |
0.75 | 0.09 to 6.15 | 0.50 | 0% | 0.79 |
| Deep vein thrombosis |
3 | 4/440 (0.9%) |
3/502 (0.6%) |
1.86 | 0.24 to 14.26 | 0.25 | 27% | 0.55 |
| Acute renal failure | 5 | 1/351 (0.3%) |
5/526 (1.0%) |
0.62 | 0.15 to 2.57 | 0.82 | 0% | 0.51 |
| Acute renal failure | 6 | 34/1223 (2.8%) |
210/5263 (4.0%) |
0.85 | 0.59 to 1.22 | 0.89 | 0% | 0.38 |
| Peripheral nerve injury | 1 | 0/66 (0.0%) |
0/118 (0.0%) |
NE | NE | NA | NA | NA |
Legend: CI: confidence interval; MD = mean difference; NA = not applicable; NE = not estimable; OR = odds ratio; SD = standard deviation. Note: Not all outcomes were reported in every study. “No. of studies” refers to the studies included in the analysis for the particular outcome. * p < 0.05 statistically significant.