Table 1.

Description of variables and expected impact on vulnerability.

Dimension	Indicator	Measurement	Expected Impact on Vulnerability
Exposure	Tall buildings	Tall buildings are defined by the total number of sides of the house that is surrounded by tall buildings	Positive
	Industrial junctions	Industrial junction is defined as a dummy variable. It takes a value 1 if there are any factories or major industrial areas nearby the house and 0 otherwise	Positive
	Traffic Junctions	Traffic junction is defined as a dummy variable. It takes a value 1 if there is any highway or heavy traffic junction nearby the house and 0 otherwise	Positive
	Roof type	Roof type is categorized into five groups as stated below: 1 = concrete; 2 = Asbestos; 3 = Clay tiles; 4 = Tin-sheet; 5 = Straw	Positive
	Time spent outside	It is defined as the number of hours spent outside in a day on average by the household	Positive
	Time spent under direct sunlight	It is defined as the number of hours spent directly under sunlight in a day on average by the household	Positive
Sensitivity	Age	It is measured by the mean age of the household (in number of years)	Positive
	Annual income	It is measured by the annual average income of the household (in INR)	Negative
	Education level	Education level is categorized into six groups as stated below: 0 = Illiterate; 1 = Primary; 2 = Middle; 3 = High School; 4 = Intermediate; 5 = Graduation; 6 = Other professional course	Negative
	Hypertension	It is measured by the number of household members who have hypertension	Positive
	Diabetes	It is measured by the number of household members who have diabetes	Positive
	Water shortage	Water shortage is defined as a dummy variable. It takes a value 1 if the household faces water shortage and 0 otherwise	Positive
	Power-cut	Power-cut is defined as a dummy variable. It takes a value 1 if the household faces power-cuts in the summers and 0 otherwise	Positive
	Help from neighbours	Help is defined as a dummy variable. It takes a value 1 if the household receives any form of help from the neighbours and 0 otherwise	Positive
Adaptivity	Vegetative patches	Vegetative patches are defined as a dummy variable. It takes a value 1 if the household has any vegetative patches, like parks, fields, etc., nearby their house and 0 otherwise	Negative
	Water bodies	Water bodies are defined as a dummy variable. It takes a value 1 if the household has any medium to large water bodies like ponds, lakes, rivers, etc., nearby their house and 0 otherwise	Negative
	Summer clothes	Summer clothes are defined as a dummy variable. It takes a value 1 if the household members wear summer-appropriate clothes and 0 otherwise	Negative
	Reduced time	Reduced time is defined as a dummy variable. It takes a value 1 if the household members have reduced time spent outside during summer and 0 otherwise	Negative
	Drinking more liquid	Drinking more liquid is defined as a dummy variable. It takes a value 1 if the household members have increased the intake of liquids in the summer months to deal with heat and 0 otherwise	Negative
	Protective gears	Use of protective gears is defined as a dummy variable. It takes a value 1 if the household members use umbrellas/hats/head-covers to prevent direct sunlight and 0 otherwise	Negative
	Cooling home	Cool home is defined as a dummy variable. It takes a value 1 if the household uses fans or Air Conditioners as a mode to keep their home cooler and 0 otherwise	Negative