Table 1.
Demographic characteristics and substance use patterns by chronic pain status.
| Total (N = 828) N (%) |
Participants with Chronic Pain N (%) |
Participants without Chronic Pain N (%) |
p a | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender | 0.682 | |||
| Male | 572 (69) | 310 (69) | 262 (69) | |
| Female | 244 (30) | 133 (30) | 111 (29) | |
| Other | 12 (1) | 5 (1) | 7 (2) | |
| Study Site | ||||
| Toronto | 414 (50) | 225 (50) | 189 (50) | 0.889 |
| Vancouver | 414 (50) | 223 (50) | 191 (50) | |
| Country of Birth (N = 826) | 0.609 | |||
| Canada | 595 (72) | 326 (73) | 269 (71) | |
| Outside Canada | 231 (28) | 122 (27) | 109 (29) | |
| Race/Ethnicity | 0.079 | |||
| Aboriginal | 89 (11) | 43 (10) | 46 (12) | |
| Ethnoracial b | 345 (42) | 176 (39) | 169 (45) | |
| White | 394 (48) | 229 (51) | 165 (43) | |
| Education (N = 824) | 0.746 | |||
| Incomplete high school | 429 (52) | 234 (53) | 195 (52) | |
| Completed high school | 395 (48) | 211 (47) | 184 (49) | |
| Marital status (N = 825) | 0.001 | |||
| Married/partnered | 37 (5) | 25 (6) | 12 (3) | |
| Divorced/separated/widowed | 216 (26) | 137 (31) | 97 (21) | |
| Single/never married | 572 (69) | 284 (64) | 288 (76) | |
| Primary employment status (N = 825) | 0.827 | |||
| Unemployed | 770 (93) | 415 (93) | 355 (94) | |
| Employed or self-employed | 31 (4) | 18 (4) | 13 (3) | |
| Other | 24 (3) | 14 (3) | 10 (3) | |
| Intervention arm | 0.423 | |||
| Treatment as usual | 326 (39) | 182 (41) | 144 (38) | |
| Housing first | 502 (61) | 266 (59) | 236 (62) | |
| Wartime service (N = 819) | 39 (5) | 27 (6) | 12 (3) | 0.058 |
ap-value from chi2-Test; significant p-values in bold b Ethno-racial category includes black, East Asian, Indian Caribbean, Latin American, Middle Eastern, South Asian, Southeast Asian, and mixed ethnicity.