Table 2.
Psychiatric characteristics and substance use patterns by chronic pain status.
| Total (N = 828) N (%) |
Participants with Chronic Pain N (%) |
Participants without Chronic Pain N (%) |
p a | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Major Depressive Episode b | 319 (39) | 205 (46) | 114 (30) | <0.001 |
| Manic or Hypomanic Episode b | 131 (16) | 82 (18) | 49 (13) | 0.034 |
| Post-traumatic Stress Disorder b (N = 827) | 214 (26) | 139 (31) | 75 (20) | <0.001 |
| Panic Disorder b | 148 (18) | 104 (23) | 44 (12) | <0.001 |
| Mood Disorder with Psychotic Features b (N = 827) | 158 (19) | 96 (22) | 62 (16) | 0.060 |
| Psychotic Disorder b | 365 (44) | 174 (39) | 191 (50) | 0.001 |
| Any substance use (N = 806) | 535 (66) | 301 (69) | 234 (63) | 0.067 |
| Alcohol use | 367 (44) | 204 (46) | 163 (43) | 0.446 |
| Opioid c use (N = 818) | 89 (11) | 57 (13) | 32 (9) | 0.047 |
| Sedative use (N = 823) | 13 (2) | 8 (2) | 5 (1) | 0.580 |
| Stimulant use d (N = 817) | 234 (29) | 141 (32) | 93 (25) | 0.025 |
| THC use (N = 827) | 290 (35) | 163 (36) | 127 (34) | 0.388 |
| Daily use of any substance (N = 819) | 200 (24) | 127 (29) | 73 (19) | 0.002 |
| Polysubstance (≥3) use (N = 806) | 118 (15) | 77 (18) | 41 (11) | 0.008 |
| Injection use (N = 818) | 82 (10) | 56 (13) | 26 (7) | 0.007 |
ap-value from chi2-Test; significant p-values in bold b at baseline. c includes heroin and prescription opioids d includes crack cocaine, powder cocaine, amphetamines, methamphetamine.