Figure 1.

Auditory evoked neural response to temporal characteristics, frequency, and spectral features as the representations of timing, pitch, and timbre in the human auditory brainstem, depicted as changes in amplitude across time (top, middle and bottom left) and as spectral amplitude across frequency (bottom right). Adapted with permission from Ref. [75]. (Copyright 2010 Nature Publishing Group, Macmillan, Berlin, Germany; License number: 5213020142320).