Table 1.
Main characteristics of the included studies and samples.
| Author | Year | Country | Study Group | Control Group | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N. | Age | Sex | N. | Age (Years) | Sex | |||
| Cherkin et al. | 2016 | USA | 116 | 50 ± 11.9 | 71% F 29% M |
113 | 48.9 ± 12.5 | 87% F 13% M |
| 112 | 49.1 ± 12.6 | 66% F 34% M |
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| Monticone et al. | 2013 | Italy | 45 | 49 ± 8 | 60% F 40% M |
45 | 49.7 ± 7 | 55% F 45% M |
| Johnson et al. | 2007 | UK | 116 | 47.3 ± 10.9 | 61% F 39% M |
118 | 48.5 ± 11.4 | 58% F 42% M |
| Smeets et al. | 2006 | The Netherlands | 58 | 42.5 ± 9.7 | 58.6% F 41.4% M |
53 | 42.7 ± 9.1 | 41.5% F 58.5% M |
| 61 | 40.7 ± 10.1 | 37.7% F 62.3% M |
51 | 40.5 ± 11.2 | 37.3% F 62.7% M |
|||
| Rutledge et al. | 2018 | USA | 30 | 62.5 ± 11.3 | 13% F 87% M |
31 | 64.3 ± 12.7 | 6% F 92% M |
| Rutledge et al. | 2018 | USA | 33 | 54 ± 14.8 | 37.5% F 62.5% M |
33 | 52.6 ± 12.5 | 39.4% F 60.6% M |
| Linden et al. | 2014 | Germany | 53 | 50.4 ± 6.9 | 68% F 32% M |
50 | 49.7 ± 7 | 68% F 32% M |
| Khan et al. | 2016 | Pakistan | 27 | 39.61 ± 5.3 | 54% F 46% M |
27 | 39.61 ± 5.3 | 54% F 46% M |
| Pincus et al. | 2015 | UK | 45 | 43.7 ± 16.3 | 60% F 40% M |
44 | 45.4 ± 15.8 | 38.6% F 61.4% M |
| Basler et al. | 1997 | Germany | 36 | 49.3 ± 9.7 | 75.6% F 24.4% M |
40 | 49.3 ± 9.7 | 75.6% F 24.4%M |
| Linton et al. | 2000 | Sweden | 107 | 44 | 70% F 30% M |
70 | 45 | 71% F 29% M |
| 66 | 44 | 74% F 26% M |
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| Zgierska et al. | 2016 | USA | 21 | 51.8 ± 9.7 | 80% F 20% M |
14 | 51.8 ± 9.7 | 80% F 20% M |
| Morone et al. | .2008 | USA | 19 | 74.1 ± 6.1 | 53% F 47% M |
18 | 75.6 ± 5 | 61% F 39% M |
| Morone et al. | 2009 | USA | 16 | 78 ± 7.1 | 69% F 31% M |
19 | 73 ± 6.2 | 58% F 42% M |
| Morone et al. | 2016 | USA | 140 | 75 ± 7.2 | 66% F 34% M |
142 | 74 ± 6.0 | 66% F 34% M |
| Day et al. | 2019 | USA | 23 | 49.9 ± 11.9 | 61% F 39% M |
23 | 48.1 ± 16.1 | 52% F 48% M |
| 23 | 54.3 ± 14.9 | 44% F 56% M |
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