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. 2021 Dec 21;19(1):25. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19010025

Table 2.

Overview of studies included.

Authors Year Journal Country Sample Sample Size (n) Correlation (r) Type of Incivility Incivility
Measurement
Employees’
Outcome
Industry
1 Rahim and Cosby 2016 Journal of Management Development U.S. Employed undergraduate Business students + Colleagues+ Supervisors 223 0.15 Coworker Incivility WIS Turnover
Intention
Other
2 Matthews and Ritter (Time 1) 2019 Journal of occupational health psychology U.S. Working adults 625 0.42 Supervisor or Coworker Incivility WIS Turnover
Intention
Other
3 (Time 2) 0.46
4 (Time 3) 0.44
5 Huang and Lin 2019 Review of Managerial Science Taiwan High-tech and Banking Ind. employees 512 0.19 Coworker Incivility WIS Turnover
Intention
Other
6 Read and Laschinger 2013 The Journal of Nursing Administration (JONA) Canada New graduate nurses 342 0.19 Supervisor Incivility WIS Job
Turnover
Healthcare Industry
7 0.19 Coworker Incivility
8 Sguera et al. 2016 Journal of Vocational Behavior U.S. Nurses working in a public research hospital 618 0.22 Coworker Incivility Modified WIS Turnover
Intention
Healthcare Industry
9 Alola et al. 2019 Tourism Management Perspectives Nigeria Customer-contact employees in 4- and 5-star hotels 328 0.28 Customer Incivility 6 items from Cho, et al. (2016) Turnover
Intention
Hospitality Industry
10 Miner et al. 2014 Journal of Occupational Health Psychology U.S. Law school faculty members (Women) 594 0.44 Coworker Incivility WIS Turnover
Intention
Academic work environment
11 Law school faculty members (Men) 640 0.3
12 Gabriel et al. (Study 3) 2018 Journal of Applied Psychology U.S. Junior and senior undergraduate business students (Women) 319 0.17 Coworker Incivility WIS Turnover
Intention
Other
13 Junior and senior undergraduate business students (Men) 0.12
14 Leiter et al. 2010 Journal of Nursing management Canada Nurses 729 0.36 Supervisor Incivility WIS Turnover
Intention
Healthcare Industry
15 0.19 Coworker Incivility
16 Chen and Wang 2019 International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management Taiwan Tourist hotel chefs 226 0.306 Supervisor and Coworker Incivility WIS Turnover
Intention
Hospitality Industry
17 Mackey et al. 2019 Journal of Business Ethics U.S. Manufacturing employees 156 0.07 Coworker incivility Modified versionof Spector and Jex’s (1998) 4-item scale Turnover
Intention
Other
18 Full-time employees 620 0.09
19 Nazir and Ungku 2016 International Review of Management and Marketing Pakistan Nurses in 10 selected healthcare settings 395 0.24 Supervisor and Coworker incivility WIS Turnover
Intention
Healthcare Industry
20 Miner et al. (Study 1) 2019a Equality, Diversity, and Inclusion: An International Journal U.S. Early-career STEM faculty (Women) 96 0.43 Coworker Incivility WIS Turnover
Intention
Academic work environment
21 Early-career STEM faculty (Men) 0.43
22 Miner et al. (Study 1) 2019b The Journal of psychology U.S. Faculty members of different departments at a large university 742 0.44 Coworker Incivility WIS Turnover
Intention
Academic work environment
23 (Study 2) A nation-wide sample of Law School Faculty members 1300 0.36
24 Alola et al. 2018 Sustainability Nigeria Customer contact employees of 4- and 5-star Hotels 329 0.24 Supervisor Incivility Five items from Cho et al. (2016) Turnover
Intention
Hospitality Industry
25 Viotti et al. 2018 Journal of nursing management U.S. Nurses 341 0.33 Coworker Incivility Four-item scale adapted bySliter et al. (2012) Intention
to Leave
Healthcare Industry
26 Italy 313 0.29
27 Lim et al. (Study 1) 2008 Journal of applied psychology U.S. All employees of the Federal Courts of one of the larger circuits (Men) 325 0.43 Supervisor and Coworker Incivility WIS Turnover
Intention
Other
28 All employees of the Federal Courts of one of the larger circuits (Women) 833 0.37
29 (Study 2) Employees of a midwestern municipality 271 0.5 Coworker Incivility Expanded 12 items WIS
30 Ghosh et al. 2013 Human Resource Development International U.S. Full-time employees from different organizations 420 0.36 Supervisor Incivility Modified version of Reio’s (2011) based on WIS Turnover
Intention
Other
31 0.2 Coworker Incivility Expanded 15 items WIS
32 Potipiroon and Ford 2019 Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology Thailand Employees and their supervisors at a large public agency 401 0.23 Supervisor Incivility WIS Turnover
Intention
Other
33 Cortina et al. (Study 1) 2013 Journal of Management U.S. City government municipality employees 369 0.49 Supervisor and Coworker Incivility Expanded WIS Turnover
Intention
Other
34 (Study 2) Law enforcement agency 653 0.32 Coworker Incivility Expanded 20 items WIS
35 (Study 3) Military “active-duty members of the army” 15497 0.19 10 items from Aggressive Experiences Scale by Glomb and Liao (2003)
36 Miner-Rubino and Reed 2010 Journal of Applied Social Psychology U.S. Employees of a property-management company 90 0.24 Supervisor and Coworker Incivility Modified 8 items WIS Turnover
Intention
Other
37 Fida et al. 2018 Health care management review Canada Nurses 596 0.19 Coworker Incivility The Straightforward Incivility Scale by Leiter & Day (2013) Job
Turnover
Healthcare Industry
38 0.16 Supervisor Incivility
39 Hur et al. 2015 Human Factors and Ergonomics in Manufacturing and Service Industries South Korea Retail bank frontline employees 286 0.43 Coworker Incivility Four items adapted from Sliter, et al. (2012) Turnover
Intention
Other
40 Han et al. 2016 International Journal of Hospitality Management U.S. Frontline service employees in independent Florida-based restaurants 228 0.28 Customer Incivility 14 items adopted from Burnfield et al. (2004) Turnover
Intention
Hospitality Industry
41 Kim and Lee 2014 Asian Women South Korea Women who work in sales service in clothing industry 239 0.26 Customer Incivility Original scale developed by Wilson and Holmvall (2013) Turnover
Intention
Other
42 Lim and Lee 2011 Journal of Occupational Health Psychology Singapore Full-time employees from various organizations 180 0.37 Supervisor Incivility Modified WIS Intent to Quit Other
43 0.27 Coworker Incivility
44 Spence Laschinger et al. 2009 Journal of nursing management Canada Nurses 612 0.347 Supervisor Incivility WIS Turnover
Intentions
Healthcare Industry
45 0.19 Coworker Incivility
46 Reio and Trudel 2013 International Journal of Adult Vocational Education and Technology (IJAVET) U.S. Healthcare (143) + Manufacturing employees (127) 270 0.49 Supervisor and Coworker Incivility WIS Turnover
Intention
Other