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. 2022 Jan 10;14:7. doi: 10.1186/s13195-021-00951-z

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 4 — Risk gene-informed drug repurposing for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). a A Sankey diagram illustrates a global view of 25 repurposable drug candidates with published evidence for AD. These drugs are linked to their physical binding targets or neighborhood proteins derived from network-predicted AD risk genes. b Network proximity analysis measures the network distance between disease module and drug targets in the human interactome. A subnetwork indicates the molecular mechanism of pioglitazone implicated in AD, which targets six physical binding proteins of which neighborhoods are 12 predicted AD risk genes. c Drugs are grouped by their first-level Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification (ATC) codes. The drugs with known anti-AD clinical status, in vitro and in vivo mouse model published data are given. Pioglitazone and febuxostat with anti-AD clinical evidence are highlighted