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. 2021 Dec 27;15:807170. doi: 10.3389/fncel.2021.807170

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Copyright © 2021 Ahmed, Travis, Díaz-Bahamonde, Porter, Henry, Mykins, Ravipati, Booker, Ju, Ding, Ramesh, Pickrell, Wang, LaConte, Howell, Yuan and Morton.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Effects of germ-free conditions on oligodendrocytes and mature oligodendrocytes. (A) Representative images showing all oligodendrocytes (Olig2⁺) and mature oligodendrocytes (Olig2⁺CC1⁺) within the PFCWM of control (C) and germ-free (GF) piglets at P16. Scale bar, 50 μm. White arrows demarcate double positive cells. Quantification of the number of Olig2⁺ (B) and Olig2⁺CC1⁺ (C) cells in PFCWM, CC-Genu, CC-Body, and CC-Splenium in P0-C, P16-C, and P16-GF animals. Individual male and female animals are marked by orange triangles and circles, respectively. Data expressed as mean ± SEM, n = 3–6 animals/group. ****p < 0.0001, two-way ANOVA; *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, unpaired student’s t-test.