Figure 4.

Genetic models of mismatched placental and fetal growth reveal circulating IGF2 as a major endocrine regulator of FPEC and Lz expansion

(A–E) Column 1: schematic diagrams of the genetic models: Igf2^EpiKO (A), Igf2^ECKO (B), Igf2^TrKO (C), Igf2^UbKO (D), and H19-DMD^EpiKO (E). Columns 2 and 3: total numbers (column 2) and proportion of FPEC/Lz (column 3), measured by flow cytometry (n conceptuses per group: Igf2^EpiKO: n = 9–18; Igf2^ECKO: n = 5–11; Igf2^TrKO: n = 6–17; Igf2^UbKO: n = 3–26; H19-DMD^EpiKO: n = 9–15). Column 4: Lz growth kinetics (Igf2^EpiKO: n = 9–20 L; Igf2^ECKO: n = 3–9 L; Igf2^TrKO: n = 4–9 L; Igf2^UbKO: n = 3–8 L; H19-DMD^EpiKO: n = 3–4 L). Column 5: IGF2 levels (ng/mL) in plasma (n per group: Igf2^EpiKO: n = 12; Igf2^ECKO: n = 9; Igf2^TrKO: n = 6–7; Igf2^UbKO: n = 7–11; H19-DMD^EpiKO: n = 9). Data are shown as averages or individual values and error bars are SD (columns 2, 3, and 5) and 95% CI (column 4). N.S.—not significant; ^∗p < 0.05; ^∗∗p < 0.01; ^∗∗∗p < 0.001 calculated by two-way ANOVA plus Sidak’s multiple comparisons tests (second and third columns), mixed effects model (fourth column) or Mann-Whitney tests (fifth column). See also Figures S5A, S5B, and S6.