Table 3.
Associations Between 20-Year Lipid Variability Throughout Young Adulthood and Midlife Brain Structure (N = 714)
| Total Cerebral Volume | Total GM Volume | Total WM Volume | Total Hippocampal Volumea | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 1 | Model 2 | |
| β (95% CI) | β (95% CI) | β (95% CI) | β (95% CI) | β (95% CI) | β (95% CI) | β (95% CI) | β (95% CI) | |
| LDL | ||||||||
| Variability | −0.04 (−0.16, 0.08) | −0.03 (−0.15, 0.09) | −0.02 (−0.19, 0.16) | −0.02 (−0.19, 0.16) | −0.06 (−0.19, 0.08) | −0.04 (−0.18, 0.10) | 0.16 (−0.23, 0.55) | 0.19 (−0.18,0.55) |
| Mean | −0.02 (−0.05, 0.02) | −0.01 (−0.05, 0.02) | −0.01 (−0.06, 0.04) | 0.00 (−0.05, 0.05) | −0.02 (−0.06, 0.02) | −0.03 (−0.07, 0.01) | 0.15** (0.04, 0.26) | 0.09 (−0.01, 0.20) |
| Slope | 0.45 (−0.15, 1.04) | 0.20 (−0.41, 0.81) | 0.92* (0.05, 1.78) | 0.53 (−0.37, 1.43) | −0.07 (−0.75, 0.60) | −0.16 (−0.86, 0.54) | 4.01** (2.08, 5.95) | 2.44** (0.61, 4.28) |
| HDL | ||||||||
| Variability | −0.58** (−0.82, −0.34) | −0.58** (−0.82, −0.34) | −0.75** (−1.10, −0.40) | −0.70** (−1.06, −0.35) | −0.36* (−0.63, −0.08) | −0.41* (−0.69, −0.12) | −0.54 (−1.33, 0.26) | −0.83* (−1.57, −0.09) |
| Mean | 0.07 (−0.02, 0.15) | 0.04 (−0.05, 0.13) | 0.08 (−0.04, 0.20) | 0.05 (−0.08, 0.18) | 0.05 (−0.05, 0.14) | 0.02 (−0.08, 0.12) | −0.50** (−0.77, −0.23) | −0.02 (−0.29, 0.26) |
| Slope | −1.69** (−2.91, −0.48) | −1.84** (−3.07, −0.62) | −2.81** (−4.60, −1.03) | −3.20** (−5.02, −1.39) | −0.42 (−1.82, 0.99) | −0.31 (−1.74, 1.13) | −2.06 (−6.12, 2.00) | 0.47 (−3.33, 4.27) |
| FA in Total Cerebral Volume | FA in Total GM Volume | FA in Total WM Volume | FA in Total Hippocampal Volume | |||||
| Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 1 | Model 2 | |
| β (95% CI) | β (95% CI) | β (95% CI) | β (95% CI) | β (95% CI) | β (95% CI) | β (95% CI) | β (95% CI) | |
| LDL | ||||||||
| Variability | −0.37 (−0.77, 0.02) | −0.22 (−0.59, 0.14) | −0.24 (−0.64, 0.16) | −0.11 (−0.45, 0.23) | −0.37 (−0.76, 0.02) | −0.24 (−0.63, 0.15) | −0.20 (−0.61, 0.20) | −0.12 (−0.49, 0.26) |
| Mean | 0.05 (−0.07, 0.16) | 0.02 (−0.08, 0.13) | 0.05 (−0.07, 0.16) | 0.04 (−0.06, 0.13) | 0.04 (−0.07, 0.15) | 0.02 (−0.09, 0.13) | 0.01 (−0.11, 0.12) | −0.00 (−0.11, 0.11) |
| Slope | −0.63 (−2.60, 1.33) | −0.28 (−2.13, 1.56) | 0.19 (−1.78, 2.17) | 0.84 (−0.88, 2.57) | −0.67 (−2.60, 1.25) | −0.86 (−2.82, 1.09) | −0.36 (−1.63, 2.36) | 0.87 (−1.04, 2.78) |
| HDL | ||||||||
| Variability | −1.66** (−2.46, −0.86) | −1.13** (−1.87, −0.39) | −1.12* (−1.93, −0.32) | −0.63 (−1.32, 0.07) | −1.82** (−2.59, −1.04) | −1.36** (−2.14, −0.58) | −1.06* (−1.87, −0.25) | −0.55 (−1.32, 0.21) |
| Mean | 0.13 (−0.14, 0.41) | −0.03 (−0.30, 0.24) | 0.09 (−0.18, 0.37) | −0.03 (−0.29, 0.22) | 0.16 (−0.10, 0.43) | 0.01 (−0.27, 0.29) | 0.19 (−0.10, 0.47) | −0.01 (−0.28, 0.27) |
| Slope | −0.76 (−4.87, 3.34) | −1.24 (−5.00, 2.52) | −2.03 (−6.18, 2.12) | −1.56 (−5.11, 1.98) | −0.43 (−4.43, 3.57) | −1.95 (−5.93, 2.03) | −4.15 (−8.33, 0.04) | −4.62* (−8.52, −0.71) |
Notes: FA = fractional anisotropy; GM = gray matter; HDL = high-density lipoprotein; LDL = low-density lipoprotein; WM = white matter. All volumes were z-scored to facilitate comparison of estimates. Model 1 is adjusted for 20-y intraindividual mean and slope LDL (or HDL). Model 2 is additionally adjusted for baseline age, sex, race, education, smoking status, body mass index, fasting glucose, systolic blood pressure, physical activity, lipid medication use, and total intracranial volume (ICV).
aAdjusted for total brain GM volume/ICV.
*p < .05. **p < .01.