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. 2021 May 11;191(1):20–30. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwab133

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© The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Associations between religiosity measures in wave 1 (2009–2011) and mental wellbeing outcomes health outcomes in wave 4 (2012–2014), Understanding Society: the UK Household Longitudinal Study, United Kingdom. A) Shortened Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing (SWEMWBS) scores (n = 18,641); B) General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) score (n = 18,589), accounting for household fixed effects. Model 1 was adjusted only for religion variables; model 2 was additionally adjusted for age, sex, and country of birth; model 3 was additionally adjusted for outcome and clinical depression at baseline (wave 1); and model 4 was additionally adjusted for all other covariates. The reference categories were as follows: nonreligious for religious affiliation; none for importance; and never for attendance. Higher SWEMWBS and reverse-coded GHQ scores indicate more favorable wellbeing. CI, confidence interval.