Table 1.

Descriptive Statistics of the Study Sample, Understanding Society: the UK Household Longitudinal Study Waves 1 (2009–2011) and 4 (2012–2014)^a

Characteristic	No	Nonreligious		Christian		Muslim		Other		P Value b
		%	Mean (SD)	%	Mean (SD)	%	Mean (SD)	%	Mean (SD)
Religious affiliation	47,659	43.6		43.4		7.9		5.1
Age, years	47,659		42.1 (16.8)		52.1 (18.3)		35.6 (13.9)		42.5 (16.6)	<0.001
Female sex	47,658	51.2		61.5		52.3		54.1		<0.001
Born outside the United Kingdom	47,651	8.8		15.1		69.3		60.1		<0.001
White British race	47,635	88.5		81.2		5.0		22.6		<0.001
Self-rated health of fair or poor	47,610	20.3		23.5		21.3		22.3		<0.001
Income, pounds (logged)	44,311		6.8 (1.1)		6.8 (1.0)		6.6 (1.1)		6.7 (1.1)	<0.001
Educational level of a degree or higher	47,639	21.1		20.3		23.6		35.4		<0.001
Married	47,642	42.2		56.0		61.5		61.1		<0.001
Neuroticism score	27,183		3.6 (1.5)		3.5 (1.5)		3.6 (1.3)		3.5 (1.4)	0.007
No. of close friends	30,306		5.0 (4.8)		5.4 (5.9)		4.0 (4.9)		4.8 (5.9)	<0.001
Wellbeing
GHQ score in wave 1	39,665		24.9 (5.3)		25.0 (5.2)		24.9 (5.9)		24.9 (5.7)	0.80
GHQ score in wave 4	25,236		24.9 (5.6)		25.1 (5.4)		24.1 (6.2)		24.8 (5.7)	<0.001
SWEMWBS score in wave 1	38,361		24.9 (4.5)		25.5 (4.5)		24.6 (5.3)		25.5 (4.6)	<0.001
SWEMWBS score in wave 4	25,336		24.4 (4.5)		25.0 (4.4)		23.5 (5.1)		24.7 (4.8)	<0.001

Abbreviations: GHQ, General Health Questionnaire, SWEMWBS, Shortened Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale.

^a Categorical variables are shown in binary form to aid presentation (all categories were used in regression analyses).

^b  P values were calculated using analysis of variance (for continuous variables) or χ² tests (for categorical variables).