Table 3.
Types of PRO Instruments Used in Heart Failure RCTs (N=226)
| PRO types | No. (%) of RCTs (N=226) |
|---|---|
| Heart‐failure specific | |
| Minnesota Living With Heart Failure Questionnaire | 111 (49.1) |
| Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire | 52 (23.0) |
| Chronic Heart Failure | 7 (3.1) |
| Heart Failure Self‐Care Behaviour Scale | 6 (2.7) |
| Heart Failure Knowledge Score | 5 (2.2) |
| Left Ventricular Dysfunction Questionnaire | 2 (0.9) |
| Medical Psychological Questionnaire for Heart Patients | 1 (0.4) |
| Generic questionnaires | |
| Self‐Reported Dyspnea Scale | 29 (12.8) |
| EuroQol‐5 Dimensions (EQ‐5D) | 25 (11.1) |
| Short Form Survey 36 or 12 | 24 (10.6) |
| Patient Global Assessment | 21 (9.3) |
| Generic Quality of Life | 6 (2.7) |
| Study‐specific scale | 8 (3.5) |
| Other † | 74 (32.7) |
This category included Likert‐based quality of life (QoL) questionnaires, trials using the term QoL without reference to a tool, Iceland QoL Questionnaire, and visual analog scale QoL.
Other included: Visual analog scales (VAS) such as Global Status VAS (7 trials), Sedation VAS (1 trial), Fatigue VAS (4 trials), Thirst VAS (1 trial), Fear of Movement VAS (1 trial), Daily Satisfaction VAS (2 trials), Respiratory Status VAS (2 trials), Solicited Sedation Events Questionnaire (1 trial), McMaster Overall Treatment (3 trials), Ware Satisfaction With Care Scale (1 trial), Guyatt Respiratory Scale (1 trial), Beck Depression Inventory (3 trials), Beck Anxiety Inventory (1 trial), Nausea and Vomiting (postoperative nausea and vomiting) (1 trial), Epworth Sleepiness Scale (6 trials), Duke Activity Status Index (2 trials), International Index of Erectile Function (1 trial), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (4 trials), Zung Self‐Rating Depression Scale (2 trials), MacNew Heart Disease Health‐Related Quality of Life Questionnaire (2 trials), Health Complaints Scale (1 trial), Specific Activity Scale (1 trial), Patient Health Questionnaire (5 trials), Hamilton Rating for Depression (1 trial), Validated National Institutes of Health Patient‐Reported Outcome Measures (1 trial), Seattle Angina Questionnaire (1 trial), Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy (4 trials), Generalized Anxiety Disorder Questionnaire (2 trials), Decisional Conflict Scale (1 trial), Decision Regret Scale (1 trial), Validated Measures of Control Preferences (1 trial), Peace, Equanimity, and Acceptance (1 trial), Perceived Stress Scale (1 trial), Borg Rating of Perceived Exertion Scale (1 trial), General Symptom Distress Scale (1 trial), Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale (1 trial), Preparedness for Hospital Discharge to Home (1 trial), Care Transitions Measure (1 trial), Measurement System Global Health (1 trial), Measurement System Pain Intensity and Interference (1 trial).