Table 1.

Summary of statistical analyses

	Data structure	Type of test	Effects	Statistic	p Value	Effect size
US expectancy
Acquisition
a	Normal	ANOVA	ME: o	F(3,109) = 12.491	6.764E-7	η2p = 0.247
b	Normal	ANOVA	GEN	F(1,38) = 28.360	0.000005	η2p = 0.427
c	Normal	ANOVA	ME: g	F(1,38) = 7.310	0.010	η2p = 0.161
d	Normal	ANOVA	o × g INT	F(3,109) = 1.133	0.338	η2p = 0.029
e	Normal	ANOVA	MEX	F(1,38) = 4.796	0.035	η2p = 0.112
Extinction
f	Normal	ANOVA	ME: g	F(1,38) = 0.621	0.436	η2p = 0.016
g	Normal	ANOVA	o × g INT	F(3,113) = 1.363	0.258	η2p = 0.035
h	Normal	ANOVA	MEX	F(1,38) = 6.660	0.014	η2p = 0.149
Delayed recall (day 2)
i	Normal	ANOVA	ME: g	F(1,36) = 0.688	0.412	η2p = 0.019
j	Normal	ANOVA	o × g INT	F(3,100) = 1.172	0.323	η2p = 0.032
k	Normal	ANOVA	MEX	F(1.36) = 3.090	0.087	η2p = 0.079
Valence and arousal
Acquisition
i	Normal	ANOVAVal	ME: o	F(3,96) = 7.756	0.000272	η2p = 0.170
m	Normal	ANOVAAro	ME: o	F(3,100) = 10.928	0.000008	η2p = 0.223
n	Normal	ANOVAVal	GEN	F(1,38) = 12.352	0.001	η2p = 0.245
o	Normal	ANOVAAro	GEN	F(1,38) = 19.587	0.000078	η2p = 0.340
p	Normal	ANOVAVal	ME: g	F(1,38) = 1.221	0.276	η2p = 0.031
q	Normal	ANOVAVal	o × g INT	F(3,96) = 1.502	0.224	η2p = 0.038
r	Normal	ANOVAAro	ME: g	F(1,38) = 1.248	0.271	η2p = 0.032
s	Normal	ANOVAAro	o × g INT	F(3,100) = 1.658	0.187	η2p = 0.042
t	Normal	ANOVAVal	MEX	F(1,38) = 9.228	0.004	η2p = 0.195
u	Normal	ANOVAAro	MEX	F(1,38) = 7.325	0.010	η2p = 0.162
Extinction
v	Normal	ANOVAVal	ME: g	F(1,38) = 1.810	0.186	η2p = 0.045
w	Normal	ANOVAVal	o × g INT	F(3,117) = 0.647	0.590	η2p = 0.017
x	Normal	ANOVAAro	ME: g	F(1,38) = 0.355	0.555	η2p = 0.009
y	Normal	ANOVAAro	o × g INT	F(3,112) = 0.437	0.724	η2p = 0.011
Delayed recall (day 2)
z	Normal	ANOVAVal	ME: g	F(1,36) = 0.074	0.788	η2p = 0.002
aa	Normal	ANOVAVal	o × g INT	F(3,96) = 0.216	0.864	η2p = 0.006
bb	Normal	ANOVAAro	ME: g	F(1,36) = 0.239	0.628	η2p = 0.007
cc	Normal	ANOVAAro	o × g INT	F(3,100) = 0.121	0.938	η2p = 0.003
SCRs
Acquisition
dd	Normal	ANOVA	ME: o	F(3,96) = 14.856	3.1057E-7	η2p = 0.281
ee	Normal	ANOVA	GEN	F(1,38) = 31.987	0.000002	η2p = 0.457
ff	Normal	ANOVA	ME: g	F(1,38) = 0.931	0.341	η2p = 0.024
gg	Normal	ANOVA	o × g INT	F(3,96) = 0.833	0.461	η2p = 0.021
Extinction
hh	Normal	ANOVA	ME: g	F(1,38) = 1.170	0.286	η2p = 0.030
ii	Normal	ANOVA	o × g INT	F(3,117)= 0.921	0.435	η2p = 0.024
Delayed recall (day 2)
jj	Normal	ANOVA	ME: g	F(1,38) = 0.002	0.965	η2p = 0.00005
kk	Normal	ANOVA	o × g INT	F(3,116)= 1.483	0.222	η2p = 0.038
ssVEPs
Acquisition
ll	Normal	ANOVA	ME: o	F(4,137) = 5.696	0.000479	η2p = 0.130
mm	Normal	ANOVA	GEN	F(1,38) = 8.447	0.006	η2p = 0.182
nn	Normal	ANOVA	o × g INT	F(4,137) = 1.042	0.384	η2p = 0.027
Extinction
oo	Normal	ANOVA	ME: g	F(1,38) = 2.957	0.094	η2p = 0.072
pp	Normal	ANOVA	o × g INT	F(4,147) = 0.418	0.790	η2p = 0.011
Delayed recall (day 2)
qq	Normal	ANOVA	ME: g	F(1,38) = 5.354	0.026	η2p = 0.123
rr	Normal	ANOVA	o × g INT	F(3,122) = 0.556	0.657	η2p = 0.014

Table shows statistical analyses including p value and effect size for each memory outcome measure, separated by learning phase. For each outcome measure, we calculated repeated-measures ANOVAs with the CS orientation as the within-subject factor and the group (in-phase group vs out-of-phase group) as the between-subject factor. Successful conditioning (i.e., increased response toward the CS⁺ respective of group) was validated by the main effects of orientations (noted in the column effects as ME: o). To account for the specific symmetric generalization pattern (CS⁺ in the middle), additional generalization contrast fits were used (noted as GEN). The main effects of group (ME: g) and group × orientation interactions (o × g INT) addressed differences between in-phase and out-of-phase conditioning. Better grating discrimination versus stronger generalization across orientations are described by a Mexican Hat contrast fit for the group × orientation interactions (MEX). ANOVA, Mixed repeated-measures ANOVA; ME, main effect; o, orientation; η²_p, partial η²; g, group; MEX, Mexican Hat contrast fit of orientation × group interaction; INT, interaction; GEN, generalization fit; Val, valence; Aro, arousal.