Table 4.
Distribution of CS‐AKI Severity, Comparing Patients With Moderate to Severe CS‐AKI With Those With a Mild or No CSI‐AKI According to Preoperative, Intraoperative, and Postoperative Parameters
| Variable | CS‐AKI severity | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| No CS‐AKI or Stage 1 | Stage 2 or 3 CS‐AKI | P value | |
| n | 231 | 69 | |
| Aristotle score, mean (95% CI) | 7.8 (7.6–8.1) | 8.5 (8.13–8.92) | 0.007 |
| Diuretic use, n (%) | 133 (57.6%) | 24 (34.8%) | 0.001 |
| Cardiopulmonary bypass time (min), mean (95% CI) | 84.5 (79.5–89.4) | 109 (95.8–123.8) | <0.001 |
| Cross‐clamp time, min, mean (95% CI) | 51.1 (47.4–54.7) | 60.9 (52.7–69.1) | 0.016 |
| Ventilation (invasive/noninvasive), n (%) | 51 (22.1%) | 20 (29.0%) | 0.236 |
| Postoperative vasoactive agent use, n (%) | 43 (18.6%) | 9 (13.0%) | 0.283 |
| Junctional rhythm, n (%) | 37 (11.2%) | 12 (17.4%) | 0.786 |
| Heart block, n (%) | 9 (3.9%) | 8 (11.6%) | 0.015 |
| Cardiac arrest, n (%) | 0 (0%) | 4 (5.8%) | 0.003 |
| Extracorporeal life support, n (%) | 1 (0%) | 3 (4.3%) | 0.001 |
| Mortality, n (%) | 0 (0%) | 3 (4.3%) | 0.012 |
| Cardiac intensive care unit admission duration (d) mean, (±SD) | 2.6±9.9 | 3.5±4.5 | 0.470 |
| Hospital admission duration (d) mean, (±SD) | 5.5±10.0 | 6.8±5.1 | 0.318 |
Results from univariate analysis for each parameter are shown. Vasoactive agents include any of epinephrine, dopamine, and/or milrinone. CS‐AKI indicates cardiac surgery associated acute kidney injury.