Table 1.
Baseline Patient Characteristics Stratified by Sex for Infective Endocarditis Hospitalizations From 2004 to 2015
| Characteristics | Men (N=45 640) | Women (N=36 302) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, mean (SD), y | 59.85 (17.85) | 62.58 (19.62) | <0.001 |
| Elective admission | 15.17% | 15.93% | 0.003 |
| Organisms/microbiology | |||
| Staphylococcus aureus endocarditis | 27.92% | 26.04% | <0.001 |
| Streptococcus endocarditis | 27.66% | 17.99% | <0.001 |
| Gram‐negative endocarditis | 7.69% | 4.84% | <0.001 |
| Enterococcus endocarditis | 4.03% | 3.18% | <0.001 |
| Fungus endocarditis | 0.82% | 0.67% | 0.02 |
| Unknown organism | 19.6% | 28.2% | <0.001 |
| Risk factors and comorbidities | |||
| Drug abuse | 19.73% | 15.54% | <0.001 |
| Congenital heart disease | 5.22% | 3.16% | <0.001 |
| Hepatitis C | 12.69% | 11.39% | <0.001 |
| Chronic rheumatic heart disease | 8.83% | 9.16% | 0.099 |
| Infection of cardiac device/implant (prosthetic valve endocarditis) | 9.02% | 5.01% | <0.001 |
| Prior valve replacement | 7.00% | 5.32% | <0.001 |
| Prior PCI | 2.58% | 1.94% | <0.001 |
| Prior CABG | 6.73% | 3.68% | <0.001 |
| Congestive heart failure | 32.75% | 32.09% | 0.046 |
| Cardiac arrhythmias | 34.26% | 31.84% | <0.001 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 21.13% | 20.40% | 0.009 |
| Coronary artery disease | 23.05% | 18.61% | <0.001 |
| Liver cirrhosis | 3.75% | 2.34% | <0.001 |
| Coagulopathy | 11.85% | 9.55% | <0.001 |
| Diabetes controlled | 16.48% | 18.12% | <0.001 |
| Diabetes uncontrolled | 5.58% | 5.62% | 0.91 |
| Hypertension controlled | 29.27% | 33.51% | <0.001 |
| Hypertension uncontrolled | 18.55% | 17.90% | 0.018 |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 6.46% | 5.64% | <0.001 |
| Smoking | 6.16% | 3.97% | <0.001 |
| Solid tumor without metastasis | 2.91% | 2.41% | <0.001 |
| Metastatic cancer | 1.29% | 1.28% | 0.98 |
| Malnutrition disorder | 7.47% | 7.47% | 0.99 |
| Cardiogenic shock | 1.72% | 1.08% | <0.001 |
| Myocardial infarction | 3.95% | 3.50% | 0.005 |
| Mechanical ventilation | 3.64% | 3.36% | 0.035 |
| Blood transfusion | 17.67% | 17.62% | 0.86 |
| Demographics | |||
| Race/ethnicity | |||
| White | 74.05% | 73.50% | <0.001* |
| Black | 12.72% | 14.60% | |
| Hispanic | 8.09% | 6.81% | |
| Hospital bed size | |||
| Small | 13.98% | 15.39% | <0.001 |
| Medium | 23.21% | 24.56% | |
| Large | 62.80% | 60.05% | |
| Hospital region | |||
| Northeast | 22.90% | 21.68% | <0.001 |
| Midwest | 20.21% | 21.23% | |
| South | 38.76% | 41.30% | |
| West | 18.12% | 15.76% | |
CABG indicates coronary artery bypass graft; and PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention.
*
P value applies to all three races.