Table 3.
Accuracy of the AAOL System for Localization of VT/PVC SoO and Pacing Sites From the Prospective Case Series Study
| Case # | No. of pacing sites | Mean localization error of pacing sites (mm) | VT/PVC | VT exit/PVC origin/Ablation site | VT/PVC localization error (mm) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 15 | 3.4±2.3 | VT1 | Basal inferoseptal wall of the LV endocardium | 6.5 |
| 2 | 12 | 5.7±3.7 | VT1 | Basal anterolateral LV endocardium | 6.0 |
| (12+20)* | VT2 | Basal inferior LV endocardium | 6.3 | ||
| 3 | 16 | 8.6±5.5 | PVC1 | Epicardial RV apex | 6.9 |
| PVC2 | Epicardial free wall of the RVOT | 0.0 | |||
| PVC3 | Epicardial basal inferior RV | 7.7 | |||
| 4 | 15 | 5.3±3.9 | VT1 | Epicardial LV lateral wall | 5.9 |
| 5 | 16 | 5.4±3.1 | VT1 | Lateral wall of the LV endocardium involving the anterolateral papillary muscle | 5.5 |
| 6 | 12 | 5.5±3.4 | VT1 | † | … |
| VT2 | † | … | |||
| VT3 | † | … | |||
| 7 | 13 | 3.5±2.0 | VT1 | ‡ | … |
| VT2 | § | … | |||
| 8 | 15 | VT1 | § | … | |
| 6.2±4.5 | VT2 | Basal inferior septum of the LV endocardium | 10.6 | ||
| VT3 | § | … | |||
| 9 | 17 | 6.1±2.8 | VT1 | Inferior wall back to the annulus | 7.0 |
| VT2 | Lateral wall | 6.3 | |||
| 10 | 10 | 5.3±2.8 | VT1 | Lateral RVOT of the RV endocardium | 5.9 |
| 11 | 12 | 5.0±3.7 | VT1 | ‡ | … |
| VT2 | § | … | |||
| VT3 | ‡ | … | |||
| 12 | 7 | 4.8±2.7 | … | … | … |
| 13 | 7 LV+3 RV | 8.8±9.8 | VT1 | Mid‐basal anteroseptal wall of the RV endocardium | 1.9 |
| 14 | 15 | 5.4±3.6 | PVC1 | Epicardial anterolateral RV below RVOT | 5.8 |
| 15 | 28 | 4.1±2.4 | VT1 | Low anteroseptal RVOT of the the RV endocardium | 4.5 |
| 9 | VT2 | LVOT area below LCC and LCC/RCC commissure of the LV endocardium | 2.6 | ||
| VT3 | § | … | |||
| 16 | 8 | 3.7±2.1 | VT1 | Suggesting possibility of an epicardial/septal exit † | … |
| VT2 | ‡ | … | |||
| VT3 | Suggesting an epicardial exit † | … | |||
| 17 | 20 | 6.2±3.3 | VT1 | Apical inferoseptal area of the LV endocardium | 7.5 |
| VT2 | Apical septal area of the LV endocardium | 3.9 | |||
| VT3 | ‡ | … | |||
| 18 | 17 | 6.7±3.8 | PVC1 | Epicardial RVOT | 2.0 |
| PVC2 | Epicardial RV inferolateral wall | 11.9 | |||
| 19 | 10 | 7.5±3.1 | VT1 | § | … |
| VT2 | § | … | |||
| VT3 | § | … | |||
| 20 | 28 | 4.5±3.7 | VT1 | ‡ | … |
| VT2 | Basal anterolateral wall of the LV endocardium | 6.5 | |||
| VT3 | ‡ | … | |||
| VT4 | Mid inferior septum of the LV endocardium | 4.5 | |||
| VT5 | ‡ | … | |||
| VT6 | ‡ | … | |||
| 21 | 11 | 6.1±3.4 | VT1 | Basal lateral LV wall | 3.9 |
| (11+7)* | VT2 | Basal and anterior lateral LV wall | 8.3 | ||
| 22 | 9 | 6.7±2.8 | VT1 | Epicardial apical inferolateral LV wall | 8.2 |
| 23 | 7 | 3.2±3.7 | VT1 | ‡ | … |
| VT2 | Basal inferior septum of the LV endocardium | 6.7 |
The localization errors of ventricular tachycardia (VT)/premature ventricular contraction SoO localization and pacing sites were calculated as Euclidean distance between the estimated site and the known site/clinically identified site. LV indicates left ventricular; LVOT, left ventricular outflow tract; PVC, premature ventricular contraction; RV, right ventricular; RVOT, right ventricular outflow tract.
Defines a set of pacing sites that consists of previous pacing sites from mapping VT1 and the recorded additional pacing sites from mapping VT2.
VTs that were terminated within the middle of the scar at sites proximal to the scar exit site (in which cases localization accuracy could not be precisely quantitated because VT was terminated at a mid‐diastolic site).
VT was not mapped, and an exit site was therefore not identified.
Site of origin/ablation site was only approximately localized.